Difference between revisions of "Bjork (2012)"
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|Link=http://www.openaccesspublishing.org/hybrid/hybrid.pdf | |Link=http://www.openaccesspublishing.org/hybrid/hybrid.pdf | ||
|Reference=Prosser (2003);Solomon and Bjork (2012); | |Reference=Prosser (2003);Solomon and Bjork (2012); | ||
− | |Plain Text Proposition= | + | |Plain Text Proposition=*Prospects for growth via addition of new titles in the near future appears to be low. Indeed, big publishers, university presses and society publishers have already offered a majority of their title under hybrid OA. |
+ | *Hybrid OA in the case of the major publishers and with current price level has failed to adding volumes of OA article. Thus, a way to speedily increase the uptake of OA would be to drastically reduce the price level. However, this might put the subscription income at risk. | ||
+ | *The author observes a trend where many established publishers start new full OA journals, specifically journals with reasonable article processing charges (APCs) and very broad disciplinary coverage. | ||
+ | *The author concludes that in the scholarly publishing landscape, hybrid OA will continue to be a very marginal phenomenon. | ||
|FundamentalIssue=3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors),4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption),1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare | |FundamentalIssue=3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors),4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption),1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare | ||
|EvidenceBasedPolicy=D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability),B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction),D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) | |EvidenceBasedPolicy=D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability),B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction),D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) |
Revision as of 16:22, 20 October 2020
Contents
Source Details
Bjork (2012) | |
Title: | The Hybrid Model for Open Access Publication of Scholarly Articles – a Failed Experiment? |
Author(s): | Björk, B. |
Year: | 2012 |
Citation: | Björk, B.C., The Hybrid Model for Open Access Publication of Scholarly Articles–a Failed Experiment?. |
Link(s): | Definitive , Open Access |
Key Related Studies: | |
Discipline: | |
Linked by: |
About the Data | |
Data Description: | The study uses data from 15 publishers of hybrid journals. It covers two periods: the first in 2009 when a previous study found 2017 journals and 8095 articles available as hybrid publications, and a second period in 2011-12 which found 4381 journals and 12089 articles. |
Data Type: | Primary data |
Secondary Data Sources: | |
Data Collection Methods: | |
Data Analysis Methods: | |
Industry(ies): | |
Country(ies): | |
Cross Country Study?: | No |
Comparative Study?: | No |
Literature review?: | No |
Government or policy study?: | No |
Time Period(s) of Collection: |
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Funder(s): |
Abstract
"Since 2004, mainstream scholarly publishers have beenoffering authors publishing in their subscription jour-nals the option to free their individual articles fromaccess barriers against a payment (hybrid OA). This hasbeen marketed as a possible gradual transition pathbetween subscription and open access to the scholarlyjournal literature, and the publishers have pledged todecrease their subscription prices in proportion to theuptake of the hybrid option. The number of hybrid jour-nals has doubled in the past couple of years and is nowover 4,300; the number of such articles was around12,000 in 2011. On average only 1–2% of eligible authorsutilize the OA option, due mainly to the generally highprice level of typically 3,000 USD. There are, however, afew publishers and individual journals with a muchhigher uptake. This article takes a closer look at thedevelopment of hybrid OA and discusses, from anauthor-centric viewpoint, the possible reasons for thelack of success of this business model."
Main Results of the Study
- Prospects for growth via addition of new titles in the near future appears to be low. Indeed, big publishers, university presses and society publishers have already offered a majority of their title under hybrid OA.
- Hybrid OA in the case of the major publishers and with current price level has failed to adding volumes of OA article. Thus, a way to speedily increase the uptake of OA would be to drastically reduce the price level. However, this might put the subscription income at risk.
- The author observes a trend where many established publishers start new full OA journals, specifically journals with reasonable article processing charges (APCs) and very broad disciplinary coverage.
- The author concludes that in the scholarly publishing landscape, hybrid OA will continue to be a very marginal phenomenon.
Policy Implications as Stated By Author
The hybrid offering seems to have reached a state where the prospects for growth are low in the near future. The big publishers have already included around half their titles, probably most of the ones deemed to have better chances of uptake, and many university presses and society publishers already have a clear majority of their titles in their hybrid offering. Thus there is relative little scope for growth via the addition of new titles. The best chances of rapidly increasing the uptake would be to drastically reduce the price level. But that could in turn put the subscription income at risk. Since the marginal cost of keeping the hybrid offering running is almost zero publishers are likely to continue with this route in its current form in the near future. But in parallel the trend seems now to be for many established publishers to start wholly new full Open Access journals, and in particular journals with very broad disciplinary coverage and reasonable article processing charges.
Coverage of Study
Datasets
Sample size: | 15 |
Level of aggregation: | Publishers |
Period of material under study: | 2009 to 2012 |
Sample size: | 2017 |
Level of aggregation: | Journals |
Period of material under study: | 2009 |
Sample size: | 4381 |
Level of aggregation: | Journals |
Period of material under study: | 2012 |
Sample size: | 8095 |
Level of aggregation: | Articles |
Period of material under study: | 2009 |
Sample size: | 12089 |
Level of aggregation: | Articles |
Period of material under study: | 2012 |