Difference between revisions of "Copyright Evidence"

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<div style="font-size:162%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;">Welcome to the [[Copyright Evidence]] Wiki</div>
 
<div style="font-size:162%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;">Welcome to the [[Copyright Evidence]] Wiki</div>
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<div id="articlecount" style="font-size:85%;">[[All_Studies|{{#ask: [[Category:Studies]]| format=count}}]] studies have been [[Special:Statistics| fully catalogued]]</div>
 
<div id="articlecount" style="font-size:85%;">[[All_Studies|{{#ask: [[Category:Studies]]| format=count}}]] studies have been [[Special:Statistics| fully catalogued]]</div>
 
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:[[File:Book on.png|20px]]<span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.copyrightevidence.org/evidence-wiki/index.php/Publishing_of_books,_periodicals_and_other_publishing Books]</span>
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| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Introduction</h2>
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:[[File:Broadcasting on.png|20px]]<span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.copyrightevidence.org/evidence-wiki/index.php/Programming_and_broadcasting Broadcasting]</span>
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:[[File:Education on.png|20px]]<span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.copyrightevidence.org/evidence-wiki/index.php/Cultural_education Education]</span>
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<p>[[Copyright Evidence]] is a digital resource developed by the [https://www.create.ac.uk CREATe Centre] at the University of Glasgow. The aim of the Wiki is to construct a complete catalogue of existing empirical evidence relevant to copyright policy in order to inform public debate. The evidence is coded by many categories, including country, industry, funder and research method, offering an in-depth view of existing findings. The codes can be explored using the {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|single|link text=semantic drilldown|tooltip=Semantic Drilldown}} function.</p>
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:[[File:Film on.png|20px]]<span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.copyrightevidence.org/evidence-wiki/index.php/Film_and_motion_pictures Films]</span>
 
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:[[File:Music on.png|20px]]<span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.copyrightevidence.org/evidence-wiki/index.php/Sound_recording_and_music_publishing Music]</span>
 
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:[[File:Photography on.png|20px]]<span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.copyrightevidence.org/evidence-wiki/index.php/Photographic_activities Photography]</span>
 
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:[[File:Software on.png|20px]]<span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.copyrightevidence.org/evidence-wiki/index.php/Software_publishing_(including_video_games) Software]</span>
 
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:[[File:Television on.png|20px]]<span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.copyrightevidence.org/evidence-wiki/index.php/Television_programmes Television]</span>
 
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:[[File:Blue square.png|20px]]<span class="plainlinks"> {{#drilldownlink:category=Industries|single|link text=All industries|tooltip=All Industries}}</span>
 
 
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| '''Browse by Industry:''' ||
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|[[File:Book on.png|20px]] [[Publishing_of_books,_periodicals_and_other_publishing|Books]]
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{| id="mp-left" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"
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|[[File:Broadcasting on.png|20px]] [[Programming_and_broadcasting|Broadcasting]]
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| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">{{#ifexpr:{{formatnum:{{PAGESIZE:Wikipedia:Today's featured article/{{#time:F j, Y}}}}|R}}>150|From today's featured article|Introducing ''Copyright Evidence'' <span style="font-size:85%; font-weight:normal;"></span>}}</h2>
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|[[File:Education on.png|20px]] [[Cultural_education|Education]]
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|[[File:Film on.png|20px]] [[Film_and_motion_pictures|Films]]
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[[File:Blue square.png|20px]] {{#drilldownlink:category=Industries|single|link text=All industries|tooltip=All Industries}}
 
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| style="color:#000;" | <div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:2px 5px">[[Copyright Evidence]] is a digital resource developed by CREATe at the University of Glasgow. The purpose of the Wiki is to categorise existing empirical studies on copyright to inform public debate and policy based on rigorous evidence. Among others, the evidence is catalogued by country, industry and research method, offering an in-depth view of existing findings. The evidence from empirical studies can be complemented with new results from CREATe research databases, such as those related to online consumption behaviour ([http://create.ac.uk/omeba/ OMeBa]), litigation of IP cases ([http://copyrightcentral.arts.gla.ac.uk/litexp/ Litigation Explorer]) and real-time infringement on file sharing networks ([http://create.ac.uk/ipwatchr IPWatchr]).
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|[[File:Music on.png|20px]] [[Sound_recording_and_music_publishing|Music]]
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</div>
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|[[File:Photography on.png|20px]] [[Photographic_activities|Photography]]
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|[[File:Software2 on.png|20px]] [[Software_publishing|Software]]
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|[[File:Television on.png|20px]] [[Television_programmes|Television]]
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| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">More about ''Copyright Evidence''</h2>
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| '''Browse by year:''' ||
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{{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=1970 | link text=1970 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=1972 | link text=1972 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=1982 | link text=1982 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=1984 | link text=1984 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=1985 | link text=1985 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=1986 | link text=1986 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=1988 | link text=1988 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=1989 | link text=1989 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=1993 | link text=1993 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=1994 | link text=1994 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=1995 | link text=1995 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=1997 | link text=1997 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=1998 | link text=1998 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=1999 | link text=1999 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2000 | link text=2000 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2001 | link text=2001 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2002 | link text=2002 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2003 | link text=2003 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2004 | link text=2004 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2005 | link text=2005 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2006 | link text=2006 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2007 | link text=2007 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2008 | link text=2008 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2009 | link text=2009 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2010 | link text=2010 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2011 | link text=2011 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2012 | link text=2012 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2013 | link text=2013 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2014 | link text=2014 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2015 | link text=2015 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2016 | link text=2016 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2017 | link text=2017 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2018 | link text=2018 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2019 | link text=2019 }},
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{{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2020 | link text=2020 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2021 | link text=2021 }},
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{{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2022 | link text=2022 }}, {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Year=2023 | link text=2023 }}
 
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| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-dyk">[[Copyright Evidence]] intends to establish a body of evidence that allows better decision making in a contested policy field. Competing claims can be assessed and challenged transparently using underlying data and methods. Robustness and limitations of findings are carefully collected and are available here for all to reference.
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| '''Browse by policy issue:''' ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
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|- style="text-align:left;"
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| {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Evidence_Based_Policies=A._Nature_and_Scope_of_exclusive_rights_%28hyperlinking%2Fbrowsing%3B_reproduction_right%29 | link text=A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights}}
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|| This field includes papers that examine policy issues related to the types of works that are eligible for copyright protection and the extent of the protection offered by exclusive rights and moral rights. Among others, the papers included under this category focus on the originality threshold, derivative works, hyperlinking, news aggregation, resale and community norms (including negative space).
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|
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{{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Evidence_Based_Policies=B._Exceptions_%28distinguish_innovation_and_public_policy_purposes%3B_open-ended%2Fclosed_list%3B_commercial%2Fnon-commercial_distinction%29 | link text=B. Exceptions}}
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|| This field includes papers that examine policy issues related to whether materials which otherwise are subject to exclusive copyright protection should be available for justifiable use without seeking permission and whether existing exceptions and limitations facilitate creative and scientific progress. Among others, the papers included under this category distinguish exceptions and limitations for the purposes of innovation or public policy, open-ended provisions from closed lists, and commercial and non-commercial uses.
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|- style="text-align:left;"
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{{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Evidence_Based_Policies=C._Mass_digitisation%2Forphan_works_%28non-use%3B_extended_collective_licensing%29 | link text=C. Mass digitisation/orphan works}}
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|| This field includes papers that examine policy issues related to the process that enable mass digitisation of copyright protected content. Among others, the papers included under this category focus on potential solutions for orphan works and non-use of cultural works, including licensing schemes and extended collective licensing, and the application of copyright in cultural heritage institutions.
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|- style="text-align:left;"
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{{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Evidence_Based_Policies=D._Licensing_and_Business_models_%28collecting_societies%3B_meta_data%3B_exchanges%2Fhubs%3B_windowing%3B_crossborder_availability%29 | link text=D. Licensing and Business models}}
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||This field includes papers that examine policy issues related to strategies and licensing solutions in the exploitation of copyright protected materials, and how legal markets attempt to match production to consumption. Among others, the papers included under this category examine collecting societies, metadata, copyright exchanges and hubs, windowing, crossborder access, open access/open science and end-user licensing.
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{{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Evidence_Based_Policies=E._Fair_remuneration_%28levies%3B_copyright_contracts%29 | link text=E. Fair remuneration}}
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|| This field includes papers that examine policy issues related to creators’ or rightholders’ earnings. Among others, the papers included under this category focus on the sources of artistic income, royalty flows, contracts, levies and sales displacement.
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|- style="text-align:left;"
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|<strong id="ed-board"></strong>
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{{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|filters=Evidence_Based_Policies=F._Enforcement_%28quantifying_infringement%3B_criminal_sanctions%3B_intermediary_liability%3B_graduated_response%3B_litigation_and_court_data%3B_commercial%2Fnon-commercial_distinction%3B_education_and_awareness%29 | link text=F. Enforcement}}
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|| This field includes papers that examine policy issues related to the optimal way to enforce the private right of copyright. Among others, the papers included under this category focus on quantifying infringement, motivations for infringement, technological measures of protection, intermediary liability, graduated responses, notice and takedowns, criminal sanctions, litigation and court data.
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| || [{{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|single|link text=View more browsing options|tooltip=View more browsing options}}]
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This project is a form of dynamic literature review in a rapidly changing technological, business and socio-legal landscape. Only very recently, new research methods in combination with the development of big data techniques, which are richer both in size and in depth, have allowed researchers to test empirically [[:Category:Fundamental Issues|key theoretical propositions]] and forced them to build theories which are consistent with observation. This generated the need to evaluate political decisions and design [[:Category:Evidence Based Policies|policy interventions based on evidence]].  
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<div style="margin-left:0.3em; margin-top:0.3em;">
  
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This open online platform builds on an innovative research philosophy and examines copyright from an interdisciplinary perspective, while it also facilitates bringing evidence to the debate from studies in fields that were previously overlooked. Relevant empirical work spreads across conventional [[:Category:Methods|methodological]] and [[:Category:Disciplines|disciplinary]] boundaries and it does not need to have "copyright" in the title.
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{| border="0" style="width:99%;"
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A crucial dimension of the existing evidence examines different stages of production (e.g. creation, innovation, diffusion, distribution), in various creative industries (e.g. [[Sound recording and music publishing|music]], [[Film and motion pictures|film and motion pictures]], [[Television programmes|TV programmes]], [[Software publishing (including video games)|computer software]], [[Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing|books]]), and estimates the effects of copyright on diverse agents in each sector, such as creators, investors, distributors, users or society as a whole. The fact that the impact of copyright law differs across various actors, industries and demographic groups, implies the need for more specific policies (for instance, even though the [[Ofcom_(2011)|Ofcom (2011)]] survey provides evidence of heterogeneous consumption patterns, this remains an understudied aspect in most of the existing studies).
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| style="margin-right:100px; background:#e9e4ee; border:0; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em" |<strong>Editorial Board</strong>
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The transition to a global digital economy is associated with new challenges for enforcement authorities, for copyright law and for new business models. Imaginative use of the increasing volume of data is crucial for the design of more effective policies at the national and international level. Importantly, the effects of copyright protection and infringement for welfare, creativity and innovation require that policy decision making be consistent with rigorous empirical analysis.
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| <div style="height:10px;"></div>
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|Prof. Martin Kretschmer (chair), University of Glasgow <!-- [insert links for all] -->
 
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| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">{{#ifexpr:{{formatnum:{{PAGESIZE:Wikipedia:Today's featured article/{{#time:F j, Y}}}}|R}}>150|From today's featured article|'''I. Fundamental issues about the copyright incentive''' <span style="font-size:85%; font-weight:normal;"></span>}}</h2>
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|Assoc. Prof. Kristofer Erickson (co-chair), University of Leeds
 
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| style="color:#000;" | <div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:2px 5px">
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|Dr Amy Thomas (managing editor), University of Glasgow
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[[1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare|1. Relationship between protection and economic performance]] ({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has relationship with fundamental issue::1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare]]| format=count}})
 
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[[2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)?|2. Relationship between creative process, incentives and legal rules]] ({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has relationship with fundamental issue::2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)?]]| format=count}})
 
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[[3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors)|3. Contracts, harmony and conflict of interests between creators and investors]] ({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has relationship with fundamental issue::3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors)]]| format=count}})
 
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[[4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption)|4. Effects of protection on industry structure]] ({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has relationship with fundamental issue::4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption)]]| format=count}})
 
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[[5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)|5. Understanding consumption and use]] ({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has relationship with fundamental issue::5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)]]| format=count}})
 
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| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">{{#ifexpr:{{formatnum:{{PAGESIZE:Wikipedia:Today's featured article/{{#time:F j, Y}}}}|R}}>150|From today's featured article|'''II. Copyright policy issues''' <span style="font-size:85%; font-weight:normal;"></span>}}</h2>
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|Dr Kenneth Barr, University of Glasgow
 
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| style="color:#000;" | <div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:2px 5px">
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| Prof. Giorgio Fazio, Newcastle University
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[[A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right)|A. Nature and scope of exclusive rights]] ({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has relationship with evidence based policy::A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right)]]| format=count}})
 
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[[B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction)|B. Exceptions ]] ({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has relationship with evidence based policy::B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction)]]| format=count}})
 
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[[C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing)|C. Mass digitisation / orphan works]] ({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has relationship with evidence based policy::C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing)]]| format=count}})
 
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[[D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability)|D. Licensing and business models]] ({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has relationship with evidence based policy::D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability)]]| format=count}})
 
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[[E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts)|E. Fair remuneration]] ({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has relationship with evidence based policy::E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts)]]| format=count}})
 
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[[F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)|F. Enforcement ]] ({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has relationship with evidence based policy::F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)]]| format=count}})
 
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</div>
 
 
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|Assoc. Pro. Heather Ford, UTS, Sydney
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<!--        IN THE NEWS; ON THIS DAY        -->
 
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<div align="center">[[File:Propose-study.png|160px|link=Special:FormEdit/CandidateStudy|]][[File:Userguide.png|160px|link=File:WikiManual.pdf|]]</div>
 
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{| id="mp-right" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;"
 
 
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| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Example Visualisation</h2> [[File:Network_vis.png|link=http://www.copyrightevidence.org/evidence-wiki/index.php/Visualisation_Tools|center|400px| Example Semantic and Visualisation]]
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|Prof. Rebecca Giblin, University of Melbourne
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<div style="text-align:center">''This network graph illustrates citation links between key related studies contained in the Evidence Wiki.''</div>
 
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<div>Create your own visualisations:</div>
 
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* <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.copyrightevidence.org/evidence-wiki/index.php/Example_Visualisations Example Semantic Visualisations]
 
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* <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.copyrightevidence.org/evidence-wiki/index.php/Visualisation_Tools Open Visualisation Tools]
 
 
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| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Featured Study</h2>
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|Prof. Paul Heald, University of Illinois
 
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| style="background-color:#fff; border:1px solid lightgray;" | {{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] |?Has full citation| order=random | limit=1 |format=template|template=Source/RandomArticle|searchlabel=}}
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|Prof. Thomas Margoni, KU Leuven & CREATe
 
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| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Semantic Drilldown</h2>
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|Bartolomeo Meletti, Learning on Screen & CREATe
 
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| This feature allows users to browse all studies in the Wiki. See all studies categorised by country, industry, research method, and more.  {{#drilldownlink:category=Studies|single|link text=Click here to try it.|tooltip=Semantic Drilldown}}
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|Assoc. Prof. Joost Poort, University of Amsterdam
 
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| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Methodology (Analysis)</h2>
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|Fred Saunderson, National Library of Scotland
 
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|Prof. Ruth Towse, Bournemouth University & CREATe
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*[[Quantitative Analysis Methods]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Quantitative Analysis Methods]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Cluster analysis]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Cluster analysis]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Descriptive statistics (counting; means reporting; cross-tabulation)]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Descriptive statistics (counting; means reporting; cross-tabulation)]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Quantitative content analysis (e.g. text or data mining)]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Quantitative content analysis (e.g. text or data mining)]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Correlation and Association]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Correlation and Association]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Multivariate Statistics]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Multivariate Statistics]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Regression Analysis]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Regression Analysis]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Social Network Analysis]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Social Network Analysis]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Social Sequence Analysis]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Social Sequence Analysis]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Structural Equation Modeling]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Structural Equation Modeling]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Meta-Analysis]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Meta-Analysis]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Calibration]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Calibration]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) ]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) ]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Factor Analysis]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Factor Analysis]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Decision Tree Method]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Decision Tree Method]] | format=count}})''
 
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*[[Qualitative Analysis Methods]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Qualitative Analysis Methods]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Textual Content Analysis]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Textual Content Analysis]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Visual / Other Content Analysis]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Visual / Other Content Analysis]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Discourse Analysis]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Discourse Analysis]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Qualitative Coding / Sorting (e.g. of interview data)]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Qualitative Coding / Sorting (e.g. of interview data)]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Ethnographic/narrative analysis]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Ethnographic/narrative analysis]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Triangulation]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Triangulation]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Legal Analysis]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Legal Analysis]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Grounded Theory]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Grounded Theory]] | format=count}})''
 
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**[[Abduction/Retroduction]] ''({{#ask: [[Category:Studies]] [[Has method of analysis::Abduction/Retroduction]] | format=count}})''
 
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<p style="font-size="1.1em;>More information can be found on the '''[[About]]''' page and in the '''[[FAQs]]'''.
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'''Managing Editors'''
 
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*Kris Erickson (media & communications)
 
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*Theo Koutmeridis (economics)
 
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*Martin Kretschmer (Law) [chair of editorial board]
 
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'''Selection Methodology'''
 
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Guidelines for the cataloguing of copyright evidence where developed following a CREATe workshop on 20 October 2014, attended by Sayantan Ghosal (Dpt of Economics, University of Glasgow), Georg v Graevenitz (Queen Mary University of London & CREATe Fellow in Innovation Economics), Morten Hviid (Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia) and Ruth Towse (Bournemouth University & CREATe Fellow in Cultural Economics). Further consultations have taken place with Chris Buccafusco (New York University), Smita Kheria (University of Edinburgh), Joost Poort (Institute for Information Law, University of Amsterdam & CREATe Fellow in Economics of copyright and media industries) and Steven Watson (Lancaster University).
 
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The initial selection of 500 studies was drawn from four sources:
 
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#A [http://www.create.ac.uk/publications/determinants-and-welfare-implications-of-unlawful-file-sharing-a-scoping-review/ scoping review of the "piracy" literature] commissioned by CREATe from Watson, Fleming and Zizzo, published in 2014. This used a review technique from the medical sciences to identify more than 50,000 academic sources that were potentially relevant for assessing unlawful file sharing, covering music, film, television, video games, software and books. During the review process, the sources were narrowed down to 206 articles which examined human behaviour.
 
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#[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?form_name=journalbrowse&journal_id=1649836 Working papers and pre-prints published in the SSRN e-journal Intellectual Property: Empirical Studies] (edited by Christopher J. Buccafusco and David L. Schwartz). 710 papers published between November 1996 and July 2015 were narrowed down to 132 studies relevant to copyright law. These were further reviewed by the core editorial team of the Wiki (Koutmeridis, Erickson, Kretschmer) if they contained “sufficient empirical material” that warranted coding. “Sufficient empirical material” could be quantitative or qualitative. Our working definition excluded anecdotal or journalistic treatment, though single case studies were acceptable if the methodology was articulated and justified. A total of 103 studies were selected and catalogued from this SSRN source.
 
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#Expert literature reviews conducted by Handke (2011), Kretschmer (2012) and Kheria (2013). They were used to fill some of the gaps left by the “piracy” review, in particular relating to creator perspectives. A total of 81 studies will be catalogued under this method.
 
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#50 governmental reports on intellectual property/copyright policy, proposed by CREATe doctoral candidates Kenny Barr and Megan Blakely, and reviewed by the core editorial team of the Wiki (Koutmeridis, Erickson, Kretschmer).
 
  
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The initial selection of studies was pragmatic. The aim was to set a standard of review, and allocate limited resources for coding. The Wiki format is designed to enable user participation, and any gaps in the evidence should be filled by interested parties who may submit studies as candidates for coding, and/or volunteer to code these according to the template developed by the team.
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'''How to use and cite The Copyright Evidence Wiki'''
  
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An editorial review process will be devised that will be open, yet robust enough to prevent capturing of the Wiki platform by any specific interests. For this purpose, an editorial board will be constituted, following the public launch of the Wiki, on 2 September 2015, as part of the 10th Annual Conference of the European Policy for Intellectual Property Association (EPIP 2015).
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Most of the original content on the Copyright Evidence Wiki website is distributed under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ CC BY-SA 3.0 licence], meaning that you can share, remix, alter and build upon the Copyright Evidence Wiki content for any purpose as long as you credit the author of the content and redistribute your contributions under the same licence. Where content on the Copyright Evidence Wiki is not distributed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 licence, this will be indicated clearly.
  
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The text which appears in the main page has been commissioned and reviewed by the editorial team. In particular, the initial texts for 'evidence-based copyright policy' have been written by Kris Erickson and Elena Cooper (B. Exceptions) and by Theodore Koutmeridis (F. Enforcement).
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[[Image:CC-By-SA.png]]
  
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Please cite the resource in the following way:
  
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'''How to use and cite ''The Copyright Evidence Wiki'''''
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The Copyright Evidence Wiki: Empirical Evidence for Copyright Policy. CREATe Centre: University of Glasgow ([http://CopyrightEvidence.org http://CopyrightEvidence.org])
  
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The material collected on CopyrightEvidence.org is offered on a free and open basis. The resource may be cited in the following way:
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Please include the date when the resource was accessed.  
  
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Koutmeridis, T. Erickson, K. & Kretschmer, M. (eds.) (2014-2017) ''The Copyright Evidence Wiki: Empirical Evidence for Copyright Policy.'' CREATe Centre: University of Glasgow. http://CopyrightEvidence.org.  Accessed dd/mm/yyyy.
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If referring to the earlier version archived with GitHub [https://github.com/CREATeCentre/CopyrightEv [1]] in January 2018, we suggest that the resource is cited in the following way: Koutmeridis, T., Erickson, K. & Kretschmer, M. (eds.) (2014-2017) The Copyright Evidence Wiki: Empirical Evidence for Copyright Policy.  
  
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When citing, we suggest including the date when the platform was accessed, as the content is subject to revisions.
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| [https://www.copyrightevidence.org/propose-study Propose a Study]
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''This is a project of the CREATe copyright research centre at the University of Glasgow. With support from Research Councils UK.''
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Latest revision as of 08:59, 22 May 2023

Welcome to the Copyright Evidence Wiki
The open platform that collects evidence about copyright's role in society
909 studies have been fully catalogued

Introduction

Copyright Evidence is a digital resource developed by the CREATe Centre at the University of Glasgow. The aim of the Wiki is to construct a complete catalogue of existing empirical evidence relevant to copyright policy in order to inform public debate. The evidence is coded by many categories, including country, industry, funder and research method, offering an in-depth view of existing findings. The codes can be explored using the semantic drilldown function.

Browse by Industry:
Book on.png Books Broadcasting on.png Broadcasting Education on.png Education Film on.png Films

Blue square.png All industries

Music on.png Music Photography on.png Photography Software2 on.png Software Television on.png Television
Browse by year:

1970, 1972, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023

Browse by policy issue:
A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights This field includes papers that examine policy issues related to the types of works that are eligible for copyright protection and the extent of the protection offered by exclusive rights and moral rights. Among others, the papers included under this category focus on the originality threshold, derivative works, hyperlinking, news aggregation, resale and community norms (including negative space).

B. Exceptions

This field includes papers that examine policy issues related to whether materials which otherwise are subject to exclusive copyright protection should be available for justifiable use without seeking permission and whether existing exceptions and limitations facilitate creative and scientific progress. Among others, the papers included under this category distinguish exceptions and limitations for the purposes of innovation or public policy, open-ended provisions from closed lists, and commercial and non-commercial uses.

C. Mass digitisation/orphan works

This field includes papers that examine policy issues related to the process that enable mass digitisation of copyright protected content. Among others, the papers included under this category focus on potential solutions for orphan works and non-use of cultural works, including licensing schemes and extended collective licensing, and the application of copyright in cultural heritage institutions.

D. Licensing and Business models

This field includes papers that examine policy issues related to strategies and licensing solutions in the exploitation of copyright protected materials, and how legal markets attempt to match production to consumption. Among others, the papers included under this category examine collecting societies, metadata, copyright exchanges and hubs, windowing, crossborder access, open access/open science and end-user licensing.

E. Fair remuneration

This field includes papers that examine policy issues related to creators’ or rightholders’ earnings. Among others, the papers included under this category focus on the sources of artistic income, royalty flows, contracts, levies and sales displacement.

F. Enforcement

This field includes papers that examine policy issues related to the optimal way to enforce the private right of copyright. Among others, the papers included under this category focus on quantifying infringement, motivations for infringement, technological measures of protection, intermediary liability, graduated responses, notice and takedowns, criminal sanctions, litigation and court data.
[View more browsing options]
Editorial Board
Prof. Martin Kretschmer (chair), University of Glasgow
Assoc. Prof. Kristofer Erickson (co-chair), University of Leeds
Dr Amy Thomas (managing editor), University of Glasgow
Dr Kenneth Barr, University of Glasgow
Prof. Giorgio Fazio, Newcastle University
Assoc. Pro. Heather Ford, UTS, Sydney
Prof. Rebecca Giblin, University of Melbourne
Prof. Paul Heald, University of Illinois
Prof. Thomas Margoni, KU Leuven & CREATe
Bartolomeo Meletti, Learning on Screen & CREATe
Assoc. Prof. Joost Poort, University of Amsterdam
Fred Saunderson, National Library of Scotland
Prof. Ruth Towse, Bournemouth University & CREATe

More information can be found on the About page and in the FAQs.

How to use and cite The Copyright Evidence Wiki

Most of the original content on the Copyright Evidence Wiki website is distributed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 licence, meaning that you can share, remix, alter and build upon the Copyright Evidence Wiki content for any purpose as long as you credit the author of the content and redistribute your contributions under the same licence. Where content on the Copyright Evidence Wiki is not distributed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 licence, this will be indicated clearly.

CC-By-SA.png

Please cite the resource in the following way:

The Copyright Evidence Wiki: Empirical Evidence for Copyright Policy. CREATe Centre: University of Glasgow (http://CopyrightEvidence.org)

Please include the date when the resource was accessed.

If referring to the earlier version archived with GitHub [1] in January 2018, we suggest that the resource is cited in the following way: Koutmeridis, T., Erickson, K. & Kretschmer, M. (eds.) (2014-2017) The Copyright Evidence Wiki: Empirical Evidence for Copyright Policy.

Propose a Study User Guide
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