Difference between revisions of "George (2005)"

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* Addresses were not found for about 16 percent
 
* Addresses were not found for about 16 percent
 
* Approximately 7 percent were too complicated to pursue and response time averaged about three months.
 
* Approximately 7 percent were too complicated to pursue and response time averaged about three months.
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|FundamentalIssue=1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare, 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media),
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|EvidenceBasedPolicy=C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing),
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|Discipline=O33: Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes, O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
 
|Intervention-Response=* The low rate of positive responses indicates the need to focus on publications and publishers most likely to provide permission: older and out-of-print materials, non-commercial publishers, special collections
 
|Intervention-Response=* The low rate of positive responses indicates the need to focus on publications and publishers most likely to provide permission: older and out-of-print materials, non-commercial publishers, special collections
 
* Using designated staff and personal contact to improve effectiveness.  
 
* Using designated staff and personal contact to improve effectiveness.  
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|Description of Data=A statistically significant random sample of publications was drawn from the Carnegie Mellon Libraries’ collection. In order to determine issues related to digitization of diverse library collections, a random sample was considered to provide the best representation. After eliminating duplicates, technical reports, dissertations and theses, and missing books, a total of 337 titles remained.
 
|Description of Data=A statistically significant random sample of publications was drawn from the Carnegie Mellon Libraries’ collection. In order to determine issues related to digitization of diverse library collections, a random sample was considered to provide the best representation. After eliminating duplicates, technical reports, dissertations and theses, and missing books, a total of 337 titles remained.
 
|Data Year=Non-stated
 
|Data Year=Non-stated
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|Data Type=Primary and Secondary data
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|Data Source=Literature review;
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|Method of Collection=Qualitative Collection Methods
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|Method of Analysis=Qualitative Analysis Methods
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|Industry=Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing; Cultural education;
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|Country=United States;
 
|Cross-country=No
 
|Cross-country=No
 
|Comparative=No
 
|Comparative=No
 
|Government or policy=No
 
|Government or policy=No
|Literature review=No
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|Literature review=Yes
 
}}
 
}}
 
|Dataset={{Dataset
 
|Dataset={{Dataset

Revision as of 13:54, 24 June 2016

Advertising Architectural Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing Programming and broadcasting Computer programming Computer consultancy Creative, arts and entertainment Cultural education Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities

Film and motion pictures Sound recording and music publishing Photographic activities PR and communication Software publishing Video game publishing Specialised design Television programmes Translation and interpretation

1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)? 3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors) 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)

A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right) B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction) C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing) D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts) F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Source Details

George (2005)
Title: Testing the barriers to digital libraries: A study seeking copyright permission to digitize published works
Author(s): George, CA
Year: 2005
Citation: George, C. A. (2005). Testing the barriers to digital libraries: A study seeking copyright permission to digitize published works. New Library World, 106(7/8), 332-342.
Link(s): Definitive , Open Access
Key Related Studies:
Discipline:
Linked by:
About the Data
Data Description: A statistically significant random sample of publications was drawn from the Carnegie Mellon Libraries’ collection. In order to determine issues related to digitization of diverse library collections, a random sample was considered to provide the best representation. After eliminating duplicates, technical reports, dissertations and theses, and missing books, a total of 337 titles remained.
Data Type: Primary and Secondary data
Secondary Data Sources:
Data Collection Methods:
Data Analysis Methods:
Industry(ies):
Country(ies):
Cross Country Study?: No
Comparative Study?: No
Literature review?: Yes
Government or policy study?: No
Time Period(s) of Collection:
  • Non-stated
Funder(s):

Abstract

Carnegie Mellon University Libraries conducted a two year study to explore the issues related to acquiring permission to digitize copyrighted material and provide digital access via the internet. The goal of the study was to determine a realistic estimation of time, complexity, and issues related to this process. Based on a random sample drawn from library shelves, 273 titles were the focus of efforts to acquire copyright permission. The study provided insight into the process, problems, and obstacles confronting libraries seeking to develop their digital collections. However, the study yielded some discouraging results. Less than one-fourth of copyright holders granted permission to digitize their books. Nearly one-third of copyright holders did not respond to queries, even after diligent follow-up. Addresses could not be found for about 11 percent of the copyright holders. However, the study also yielded valuable strategies that have made subsequent copyright permission projects quantifiably more successful. In the long run, this and other projects will be rewarded by the development of robust digital libraries.

Main Results of the Study

  • About 52 percent responded with a yes or no with 24 percent yes responses.
  • Nearly 25 percent never responded
  • Addresses were not found for about 16 percent
  • Approximately 7 percent were too complicated to pursue and response time averaged about three months.


Policy Implications as Stated By Author

  • The low rate of positive responses indicates the need to focus on publications and publishers most likely to provide permission: older and out-of-print materials, non-commercial publishers, special collections
  • Using designated staff and personal contact to improve effectiveness.
  • Few previous studies exist in this area. This study might benefit other libraries with respect to planning, defining procedures, and improving results.



Coverage of Study

Coverage of Fundamental Issues
Issue Included within Study
Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare
Green-tick.png
Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)?
Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors)
Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption)
Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)
Green-tick.png
Coverage of Evidence Based Policies
Issue Included within Study
Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right)
Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction)
Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing)
Green-tick.png
Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability)
Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts)
Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Datasets

Sample size: 337
Level of aggregation: Books
Period of material under study: Non-stated