Difference between revisions of "Leung (2012)"
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|Source={{Source | |Source={{Source | ||
| − | |Name of Study=Leung ( | + | |Name of Study=Leung (2013) |
|Author=Leung, T. C. | |Author=Leung, T. C. | ||
|Title=Music Piracy: Bad for Record Sales but Good for the iPod? | |Title=Music Piracy: Bad for Record Sales but Good for the iPod? | ||
| − | |Year= | + | |Year=2013 |
| − | |Full Citation=Leung, T. C. ( | + | |Full Citation=Leung, T. C. (2015). Music piracy: Bad for record sales but good for the iPod?. Information Economics and Policy, 31, 1-12. |
|Abstract=Music piracy is a double-edged sword for the music industry. On the one hand, it hurts record sales. On the other hand, it increases sales of its complements. To quantify the effect of music piracy, I construct a unique survey data set and use a Bayesian method to estimate the demand for music and iPods, and find three things. First, music piracy decreases music sales by 24% to 42%. Second, music piracy contributes 12% to iPod sales. Finally, counterfactual experiments show that, if music were free, the increase in Apple's profits from iPod can more than compensate the loss of musicians. | |Abstract=Music piracy is a double-edged sword for the music industry. On the one hand, it hurts record sales. On the other hand, it increases sales of its complements. To quantify the effect of music piracy, I construct a unique survey data set and use a Bayesian method to estimate the demand for music and iPods, and find three things. First, music piracy decreases music sales by 24% to 42%. Second, music piracy contributes 12% to iPod sales. Finally, counterfactual experiments show that, if music were free, the increase in Apple's profits from iPod can more than compensate the loss of musicians. | ||
|Authentic Link=http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45772/1/MPRA_paper_45772.pdf | |Authentic Link=http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45772/1/MPRA_paper_45772.pdf | ||
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|FundamentalIssue=5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media), | |FundamentalIssue=5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media), | ||
|EvidenceBasedPolicy=F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness), | |EvidenceBasedPolicy=F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness), | ||
| − | |Discipline=D12: Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, L82: Entertainment • Media | + | |Discipline=D12: Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, K42: Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law, L82: Entertainment • Media, O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital |
|Intervention-Response=The music industry could financially benefit from exploiting music complements to compensate for the income lost from direct music sales in a free music regime. | |Intervention-Response=The music industry could financially benefit from exploiting music complements to compensate for the income lost from direct music sales in a free music regime. | ||
|Description of Data=Survey data from 884 university students, mean age 18.94, who spent an average of three to four hours a day on the internet, with 90% earning less than $200 a week. Students had an average of 2,508 songs on their computers. 28% had bought a CD, 32% had purchased a song from iTunes, and 54% had downloaded illegally within the past month. | |Description of Data=Survey data from 884 university students, mean age 18.94, who spent an average of three to four hours a day on the internet, with 90% earning less than $200 a week. Students had an average of 2,508 songs on their computers. 28% had bought a CD, 32% had purchased a song from iTunes, and 54% had downloaded illegally within the past month. | ||
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|Cross-country=No | |Cross-country=No | ||
|Comparative=No | |Comparative=No | ||
| + | |Government or policy=No | ||
| + | |Literature review=No | ||
|Funded By=University of Minnesota; | |Funded By=University of Minnesota; | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |Dataset={{Dataset | ||
| + | |Sample Size=884 | ||
| + | |Level of Aggregation=University students, | ||
| + | |Data Material Year=2007-2008 | ||
}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 14:30, 2 October 2016
Contents
Source Details
| Leung (2013) | |
| Title: | Music Piracy: Bad for Record Sales but Good for the iPod? |
| Author(s): | Leung, T. C. |
| Year: | 2013 |
| Citation: | Leung, T. C. (2015). Music piracy: Bad for record sales but good for the iPod?. Information Economics and Policy, 31, 1-12. |
| Link(s): | Definitive , Open Access |
| Key Related Studies: | |
| Discipline: | |
| Linked by: | |
| About the Data | |
| Data Description: | Survey data from 884 university students, mean age 18.94, who spent an average of three to four hours a day on the internet, with 90% earning less than $200 a week. Students had an average of 2,508 songs on their computers. 28% had bought a CD, 32% had purchased a song from iTunes, and 54% had downloaded illegally within the past month. |
| Data Type: | Primary data |
| Secondary Data Sources: | |
| Data Collection Methods: | |
| Data Analysis Methods: | |
| Industry(ies): | |
| Country(ies): | |
| Cross Country Study?: | No |
| Comparative Study?: | No |
| Literature review?: | No |
| Government or policy study?: | No |
| Time Period(s) of Collection: |
|
| Funder(s): |
|
Abstract
Music piracy is a double-edged sword for the music industry. On the one hand, it hurts record sales. On the other hand, it increases sales of its complements. To quantify the effect of music piracy, I construct a unique survey data set and use a Bayesian method to estimate the demand for music and iPods, and find three things. First, music piracy decreases music sales by 24% to 42%. Second, music piracy contributes 12% to iPod sales. Finally, counterfactual experiments show that, if music were free, the increase in Apple's profits from iPod can more than compensate the loss of musicians.
Main Results of the Study
- music piracy decreases music sales by 24% to 42%.
- music piracy contributes 12% to iPod sales.
- counterfactual experiments show that Apple's revenue could increase by $36 per student if music were free.
Policy Implications as Stated By Author
The music industry could financially benefit from exploiting music complements to compensate for the income lost from direct music sales in a free music regime.
Coverage of Study
Datasets
| Sample size: | 884 |
| Level of aggregation: | University students |
| Period of material under study: | 2007-2008 |
