Difference between revisions of "Mandel, Olson and Fast (2019)"

From Copyright EVIDENCE
(Created page with "{{MainSource |Source={{Source |Name of Study=Mandel, Olson and Fast (2019) |Author=Gregory N. Mandel; Kristina Olson; Anne Fast; |Title=Debunking Intellectual Property Myths:...")
 
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|Link=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3312822
 
|Link=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3312822
 
|Reference=Alford (1995);
 
|Reference=Alford (1995);
|Plain Text Proposition=The American preference for stronger property rights is context specific, and is more likely to be slackened where property is used for public purpose rather than private (a position inconsistent with US law). In this respect, this perspective does not differ greatly from the Chinese perspective, which holds similar views where property is to be used for public benefit.
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|Plain Text Proposition=The American preference for stronger property rights is context specific, and is more likely to be slackened where property is used for public purpose rather than private (a position inconsistent with US law). In this respect, this perspective does not differ greatly from the Chinese perspective, which holds similar views where property is to be used for public benefit.Chinese respondents are more consistent in their perceptions of property than Americans, whether personal, real or intellectual property. The study suggests this may be due to a strong history of property redistribution and removal of distinctions between public and private property rights.In the copyright context, this results in Americans being more likely to value personal real property over copyright, and consequently view the sale of 50 physical textbooks as quite different from the action of scanning and selling access to them. Even where financial loss to the rights holder is the same, Americans view the loss of personal property as less acceptable than the loss of intellectual property. Conversely, Chinese respondents view these two scenarios as similar, with no meaningful distinction between them. As such, the study suggests that the idea of Chinese exceptionalism is less an issue of an attitude towards intellectual property, and more an issue of attitude towards property in general.
 
+
|FundamentalIssue=5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)
Chinese respondents are more consistent in their perceptions of property than Americans, whether personal, real or intellectual property. The study suggests this may be due to a strong history of property redistribution and removal of distinctions between public and private property rights.
+
|EvidenceBasedPolicy=A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right),F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)
 
 
In the copyright context, this results in Americans being more likely to value personal real property over copyright, and consequently view the sale of 50 physical textbooks as quite different from the action of scanning and selling access to them. Even where financial loss to the rights holder is the same, Americans view the loss of personal property as less acceptable than the loss of intellectual property. Conversely, Chinese respondents view these two scenarios as similar, with no meaningful distinction between them. As such, the study suggests that the idea of Chinese exceptionalism is less an issue of an attitude towards intellectual property, and more an issue of attitude towards property in general.
 
|FundamentalIssue=5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media),
 
|EvidenceBasedPolicy=A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right), F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness),
 
 
|Discipline=F13: Trade Policy • International Trade Organizations, F68: Policy, K11: Property Law, K33: International Law, O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital, O38: Government Policy, O57: Comparative Studies of Countries
 
|Discipline=F13: Trade Policy • International Trade Organizations, F68: Policy, K11: Property Law, K33: International Law, O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital, O38: Government Policy, O57: Comparative Studies of Countries
 
|Intervention-Response=The study does not offer any explicit policy recommendations.
 
|Intervention-Response=The study does not offer any explicit policy recommendations.
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|Method of Analysis=Descriptive statistics (counting; means reporting; cross-tabulation), Correlation and Association, Regression Analysis
 
|Method of Analysis=Descriptive statistics (counting; means reporting; cross-tabulation), Correlation and Association, Regression Analysis
 
|Industry=Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing;
 
|Industry=Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing;
|Country=USA; China;
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|Country=China;United States
 
|Cross-country=No
 
|Cross-country=No
 
|Comparative=Yes
 
|Comparative=Yes
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|Funded By=National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1324138 and 1322514.;
 
|Funded By=National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1324138 and 1322514.;
 
}}
 
}}
|Dataset=
 
 
}}
 
}}

Revision as of 09:38, 20 April 2020

Advertising Architectural Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing Programming and broadcasting Computer programming Computer consultancy Creative, arts and entertainment Cultural education Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities

Film and motion pictures Sound recording and music publishing Photographic activities PR and communication Software publishing Video game publishing Specialised design Television programmes Translation and interpretation

1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)? 3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors) 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)

A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right) B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction) C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing) D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts) F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Source Details

Mandel, Olson and Fast (2019)
Title: Debunking Intellectual Property Myths: Cross-Cultural Experiments on Perceptions of Property
Author(s): Gregory N. Mandel, Kristina Olson, Anne Fast
Year: 2019
Citation: Mandel, G.N., Olson, K. & Fast, A. (2019) Debunking Intellectual Property Myths: Cross-Cultural Experiments on Perceptions of Property. Temple University Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2019-19
Link(s): Open Access
Key Related Studies:
Discipline:
Linked by:
About the Data
Data Description: The study consists of two surveys:

• The first experiment acts as a pilot study, and consists of a survey of white American, East Asian American and East Asian international students from American colleges (totalling 198 participants).

• The second survey was issued to 101 white American college students from an American college and 102 Chinese college students from a Chinese college.

Both surveys were designed to test differences in American and Chinese beliefs about the appropriateness of various types of property protection.

Data Type: Primary data
Secondary Data Sources:
Data Collection Methods:
Data Analysis Methods:
Industry(ies):
Country(ies):
Cross Country Study?: No
Comparative Study?: Yes
Literature review?: No
Government or policy study?: No
Time Period(s) of Collection:
Funder(s):
  • National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1324138 and 1322514.

Abstract

“For decades the prevailing view in the United States and many Western countries has been that China does not appropriately respect intellectual property rights. These beliefs lie at the heart of President Donald Trump’s current trade war with China. Despite substantial geopolitical debate over differences between American and Chinese attitudes towards intellectual property rights, and despite the critical effects that such attitudes have on international economic markets and the function of the intellectual property system, empirical evidence of these attitudes is largely lacking. This Article presents original survey and experimental research that explores cross-cultural differences between American and Chinese attitudes towards intellectual property rights, personal property rights, and real property rights.

The results of the studies are somewhat counter-intuitive. First, Chinese participants are found to have more consistent preferences towards different types of property rights than Americans. In a series of vignettes designed to test attitudes towards patented subject matter, copyrighted subject matter, tangible personal property, and real property, Chinese responses were more consistent and less context driven. Second, Americans do identify a preference for stronger intellectual property rights than Chinese, but only where infringement is committed by a private party for private benefit. Where infringement is conducted for public benefit, whether by a private or a governmental entity, Chinese and Americans tend to have the same attitudes towards intellectual property rights. Third, Americans display a lower regard for intellectual property rights than for tangible property rights in most contexts, a differential that is not echoed in Chinese responses. The distinctions that Americans draw based on the use to which property is put, and between intellectual property and tangible property, is not consistent with the law.

Our experiments reveal that the ongoing debates over Chinese attitudes towards intellectual property rights miss the mark in certain regards. Chinese and American preferences for property rights are more similar than most have assumed, and the manners in which they differ are inconsistent with most proffered theories. These results provide important lessons for the future of international intellectual property rights relations, discourse, and enforcement.”

Main Results of the Study

The American preference for stronger property rights is context specific, and is more likely to be slackened where property is used for public purpose rather than private (a position inconsistent with US law). In this respect, this perspective does not differ greatly from the Chinese perspective, which holds similar views where property is to be used for public benefit.Chinese respondents are more consistent in their perceptions of property than Americans, whether personal, real or intellectual property. The study suggests this may be due to a strong history of property redistribution and removal of distinctions between public and private property rights.In the copyright context, this results in Americans being more likely to value personal real property over copyright, and consequently view the sale of 50 physical textbooks as quite different from the action of scanning and selling access to them. Even where financial loss to the rights holder is the same, Americans view the loss of personal property as less acceptable than the loss of intellectual property. Conversely, Chinese respondents view these two scenarios as similar, with no meaningful distinction between them. As such, the study suggests that the idea of Chinese exceptionalism is less an issue of an attitude towards intellectual property, and more an issue of attitude towards property in general.

Policy Implications as Stated By Author

The study does not offer any explicit policy recommendations.


Coverage of Study

Coverage of Fundamental Issues
Issue Included within Study
Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare
Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)?
Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors)
Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption)
Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)
Green-tick.png
Coverage of Evidence Based Policies
Issue Included within Study
Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right)
Green-tick.png
Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction)
Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing)
Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability)
Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts)
Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)
Green-tick.png

Datasets

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