Difference between revisions of "Nera Economic Consulting (2015)"

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|Author=Nera Economic Consulting
 
|Author=Nera Economic Consulting
 
|Title=Impact of the New Article 32.2 of the Spanish Intellectual Property Act
 
|Title=Impact of the New Article 32.2 of the Spanish Intellectual Property Act
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|Abstract=The Spanish Association of Publishers of Periodical Publications (Asociación Española de Editoriales de Publicaciones Periódicas) has commissioned NERA Economic Consulting to conduct an analysis assessing the impact of introducing new article 32.2 of the Spanish Copyright Act. Article 32.2 institutes a copyright fee to be paid by online news aggregators to publishers for linking their content within their aggregation services. Publishers cannot opt out of receiving this fee, and payments are to be made through a copyright collecting society.
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NERA’s analysis focuses on the article’s effects on competition, primarily for the news aggregator and publication sectors, as well as for consumers (i.e., readers of digital media) and advertisers. The implementation of this fee was promoted by a small group of publishers affiliated with the Association of Publishers of Spanish Newspapers (Asociación de Editores de Diarios Españoles), despite opposition from many industry players.
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The article’s main (theoretical) motivation is that aggregators are benefiting from the publishers’ efforts without remunerating them properly. This would be even more relevant since news aggregators represent competition for publishers, as they would be reducing the number of visits from those readers satisfied with the limited information in the links, thus reducing the publishers’ audience and, consequently, their advertising revenues.
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|Plain Text Proposition=The publishers’ inability to refuse the payment was justified to prevent what occurred in countries including Germany and Belgium, where a similar fee was implemented. News aggregators in those countries chose to exclude publishers from their services in order to avoid the fee. Once publishers noticed that they were losing traffic, however, they asked to be linked back without demanding any payment in return.
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This suggests that, rather than damaging publishers, news aggregators are beneficial in that they drive web traffic to the publishers’ sites that otherwise would not have consulted those sources of information. This is clearly a justification against instituting the fee, particularly
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since it would be easy for a publisher to prevent an aggregator from linking to its content. If this has not been the case, it is because aggregation services really represent a benefit for publishers. In fact, in recent years, many publishers have invested substantial technical and human resources to improve the positioning of their content within the aggregation services.
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|Discipline=O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
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|Data Type=Secondary data
 
|Industry=Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing;
 
|Industry=Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing;
 
|Country=Spain;
 
|Country=Spain;

Revision as of 15:36, 21 February 2017

Advertising Architectural Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing Programming and broadcasting Computer programming Computer consultancy Creative, arts and entertainment Cultural education Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities

Film and motion pictures Sound recording and music publishing Photographic activities PR and communication Software publishing Video game publishing Specialised design Television programmes Translation and interpretation

1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)? 3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors) 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)

A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right) B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction) C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing) D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts) F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Source Details

Nera Economic Consulting (2015)
Title: Impact of the New Article 32.2 of the Spanish Intellectual Property Act
Author(s): Nera Economic Consulting
Year:
Citation:
Link(s): ,
Key Related Studies:
Discipline:
Linked by:
About the Data
Data Description:
Data Type: Secondary data
Secondary Data Sources:
Data Collection Methods:
Data Analysis Methods:
Industry(ies):
Country(ies):
Cross Country Study?: No
Comparative Study?: No
Literature review?: No
Government or policy study?: No
Time Period(s) of Collection:
Funder(s):
  • The Spanish Association of Publishers of Periodical Publications (Asociación Española de Editoriales de Publicaciones Periódicas)

Abstract

The Spanish Association of Publishers of Periodical Publications (Asociación Española de Editoriales de Publicaciones Periódicas) has commissioned NERA Economic Consulting to conduct an analysis assessing the impact of introducing new article 32.2 of the Spanish Copyright Act. Article 32.2 institutes a copyright fee to be paid by online news aggregators to publishers for linking their content within their aggregation services. Publishers cannot opt out of receiving this fee, and payments are to be made through a copyright collecting society.

NERA’s analysis focuses on the article’s effects on competition, primarily for the news aggregator and publication sectors, as well as for consumers (i.e., readers of digital media) and advertisers. The implementation of this fee was promoted by a small group of publishers affiliated with the Association of Publishers of Spanish Newspapers (Asociación de Editores de Diarios Españoles), despite opposition from many industry players.

The article’s main (theoretical) motivation is that aggregators are benefiting from the publishers’ efforts without remunerating them properly. This would be even more relevant since news aggregators represent competition for publishers, as they would be reducing the number of visits from those readers satisfied with the limited information in the links, thus reducing the publishers’ audience and, consequently, their advertising revenues.

Main Results of the Study

The publishers’ inability to refuse the payment was justified to prevent what occurred in countries including Germany and Belgium, where a similar fee was implemented. News aggregators in those countries chose to exclude publishers from their services in order to avoid the fee. Once publishers noticed that they were losing traffic, however, they asked to be linked back without demanding any payment in return.

This suggests that, rather than damaging publishers, news aggregators are beneficial in that they drive web traffic to the publishers’ sites that otherwise would not have consulted those sources of information. This is clearly a justification against instituting the fee, particularly since it would be easy for a publisher to prevent an aggregator from linking to its content. If this has not been the case, it is because aggregation services really represent a benefit for publishers. In fact, in recent years, many publishers have invested substantial technical and human resources to improve the positioning of their content within the aggregation services.

Policy Implications as Stated By Author

Coverage of Study

Coverage of Fundamental Issues
Issue Included within Study
Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare
Green-tick.png
Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)?
Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors)
Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption)
Green-tick.png
Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)
Green-tick.png
Coverage of Evidence Based Policies
Issue Included within Study
Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right)
Green-tick.png
Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction)
Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing)
Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability)
Green-tick.png
Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts)
Green-tick.png
Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Datasets