Difference between revisions of "PricewaterhouseCoopers (2016)"

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Disclaimer: This Report was prepared for APRA AMCOS, PPCA, Copyright Agency│Viscopy, Foxtel, News Corp Australia and Screenrights. In preparing this Report we have only considered the requirements of these organisations. Our Report is not appropriate for use by persons other than these organisations, and we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than these organisations in respect of our Report.
 
Disclaimer: This Report was prepared for APRA AMCOS, PPCA, Copyright Agency│Viscopy, Foxtel, News Corp Australia and Screenrights. In preparing this Report we have only considered the requirements of these organisations. Our Report is not appropriate for use by persons other than these organisations, and we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than these organisations in respect of our Report.
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|Authentic Link=http://www.pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/195850/sub133-intellectual-property-attachment.pdf
 
|Link=http://www.pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/195850/sub133-intellectual-property-attachment.pdf
 
|Link=http://www.pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/195850/sub133-intellectual-property-attachment.pdf
 
|Reference=Australian Law Reform Commission (2013); PricewaterhouseCoopers (2015); Barker (2013b); Rogers and Szamosszegi (2010);
 
|Reference=Australian Law Reform Commission (2013); PricewaterhouseCoopers (2015); Barker (2013b); Rogers and Szamosszegi (2010);
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|FundamentalIssue=1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare, 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption), 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)?,
 
|FundamentalIssue=1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare, 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption), 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)?,
 
|EvidenceBasedPolicy=B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction), E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts), A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right),
 
|EvidenceBasedPolicy=B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction), E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts), A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right),
|Discipline=O3: Technological Change Research and Development • Intellectual Property Rights, O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital, O38: Government Policy, Z1: Cultural Economics • Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology, Z11: Economics of the Arts and Literature
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|Discipline=L82: Entertainment Media, O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital, O38: Government Policy
 
|Intervention-Response=Both quantitative analyses suggest that there is no firm evidence supporting a direct causational relationship between fair use and improved economic outcomes for the Australian economy as a whole; the linkages between economic growth and innovation are likely a confluence of factors that interact to support a country’s economic outcomes.
 
|Intervention-Response=Both quantitative analyses suggest that there is no firm evidence supporting a direct causational relationship between fair use and improved economic outcomes for the Australian economy as a whole; the linkages between economic growth and innovation are likely a confluence of factors that interact to support a country’s economic outcomes.
|Description of Data=World Bank economic data combined with Consumers International rankings, from research conducted by Lateral Economics, the Standing Committee of Legal and Constitutional Affairs (Australian parliamentary committee), and PricewaterhouseCoopers
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|Description of Data=This study uses World Bank economic data combined with Consumers International rankings, collected for research conducted by Lateral Economics, the Standing Committee of Legal and Constitutional Affairs, and PricewaterhouseCoopers. The data is used to analyse and compare three different systems of fair use and the effects on copyright industries, using publishing as a case study.
 
|Data Year=2002 - 2014
 
|Data Year=2002 - 2014
 
|Data Type=Secondary data
 
|Data Type=Secondary data
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|Method of Analysis=Quantitative Analysis Methods, Quantitative content analysis (e.g. text or data mining), Correlation and Association
 
|Method of Analysis=Quantitative Analysis Methods, Quantitative content analysis (e.g. text or data mining), Correlation and Association
 
|Industry=Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing; Film and motion pictures; Sound recording and music publishing; Programming and broadcasting; Creative, arts and entertainment;
 
|Industry=Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing; Film and motion pictures; Sound recording and music publishing; Programming and broadcasting; Creative, arts and entertainment;
|Country=Australia; Singapore; Canada; USA; UK;
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|Country=Australia; Singapore; Canada; United Kingdom; United States;
 
|Cross-country=Yes
 
|Cross-country=Yes
 
|Comparative=No
 
|Comparative=No
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|Dataset={{Dataset
 
|Dataset={{Dataset
 
|Sample Size=3
 
|Sample Size=3
|Level of Aggregation=Country,
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|Level of Aggregation=Systems of fair use in copyright,
 
|Data Material Year=2011 to 2015
 
|Data Material Year=2011 to 2015
 
}}
 
}}
 
}}
 
}}

Latest revision as of 13:46, 22 August 2016

Advertising Architectural Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing Programming and broadcasting Computer programming Computer consultancy Creative, arts and entertainment Cultural education Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities

Film and motion pictures Sound recording and music publishing Photographic activities PR and communication Software publishing Video game publishing Specialised design Television programmes Translation and interpretation

1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)? 3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors) 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)

A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right) B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction) C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing) D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts) F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Source Details

PricewaterhouseCoopers (2016)
Title: Understanding the costs and benefits of introducing a ‘fair use’ exception
Author(s): PricewaterhouseCoopers
Year: 2016
Citation: PricewaterhouseCoopers Australia Report 'Understanding the costs and benefits of introducing a ‘fair use’ exception', 2016.
Link(s): Definitive , Open Access
Key Related Studies:
Discipline:
Linked by:
About the Data
Data Description: This study uses World Bank economic data combined with Consumers International rankings, collected for research conducted by Lateral Economics, the Standing Committee of Legal and Constitutional Affairs, and PricewaterhouseCoopers. The data is used to analyse and compare three different systems of fair use and the effects on copyright industries, using publishing as a case study.
Data Type: Secondary data
Secondary Data Sources:
Data Collection Methods:
Data Analysis Methods:
Industry(ies):
Country(ies):
Cross Country Study?: Yes
Comparative Study?: No
Literature review?: No
Government or policy study?: Yes
Time Period(s) of Collection:
  • 2002 - 2014
Funder(s):
  • This Report was prepared for APRA AMCOS, PPCA, Copyright Agency│Viscopy, Foxtel, News Corp Australia and Screenrights.

Abstract

The Australian Law Reform Commission report recommended that the Copyright Act should be amended to introduce a new copyright exception, based on the United States ‘fair use’ exception, which would allow the use of copyright material for any purpose if the use is ‘fair’ having regard to four factors. The ALRC’s recommendation in favour of fair use is based predominantly on a legal analysis and did not include an economic cost-benefit analysis (CBA). From an economic perspective it is clear that they may be new disincentives to create works with the introduction of a 'fair use' provision. As a result, the core task of this analysis is to determine, based on the available evidence, whether it is likely that the economic benefits arising from secondary use will more than offset the economic loss for original local producers. This report provides some insights into elements that should be considered in any formal CBA of the proposed introduction of fair use.

Disclaimer: This Report was prepared for APRA AMCOS, PPCA, Copyright Agency│Viscopy, Foxtel, News Corp Australia and Screenrights. In preparing this Report we have only considered the requirements of these organisations. Our Report is not appropriate for use by persons other than these organisations, and we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than these organisations in respect of our Report.

Main Results of the Study

Based on Canada’s experience, if all Australian secondary licensing agencies were to lose revenue similar to the losses in Canada when fair use was introduced then this would represent a loss of GDP in the order of $1.3 billion in Australia. An introduction of a fair use right would lead to a reduction of available copyright works. The resulting loss of economies of scale would lead to an increase in transaction costs, compliance costs and enforcement costs. Both quantitative analyses suggest that there is no firm evidence supporting a direct causational relationship between fair use and improved economic outcomes for the Australian economy as a whole; the linkages between economic growth and innovation are likely a confluence of factors that interact to support a country’s economic outcomes.

Policy Implications as Stated By Author

Both quantitative analyses suggest that there is no firm evidence supporting a direct causational relationship between fair use and improved economic outcomes for the Australian economy as a whole; the linkages between economic growth and innovation are likely a confluence of factors that interact to support a country’s economic outcomes.

Coverage of Study

Coverage of Fundamental Issues
Issue Included within Study
Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare
Green-tick.png
Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)?
Green-tick.png
Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors)
Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption)
Green-tick.png
Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)
Coverage of Evidence Based Policies
Issue Included within Study
Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right)
Green-tick.png
Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction)
Green-tick.png
Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing)
Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability)
Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts)
Green-tick.png
Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Datasets

Sample size: 3
Level of aggregation: Systems of fair use in copyright
Period of material under study: 2011 to 2015