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Property "Has-20abstract" (as page type) with input value "In-20the-20past-20few-20years,-20we-20have-20witnessed-20a-20historical-20shift-20in-20the-20enforcement-20of-20copyright-20law.-20While-20copyright-20enforcement-20against-20private-20copying-20traditionally-20centered-20on-20commercial-20intermediaries-20and-20piracy,-20content-20owners-20now-20also-20pursue-20infringement-20actions-20against-20consumers-20and-20private-20copiers-20directly.-20While-20consumers-20of-20pirated-20content-20have-20traditionally-20been-20captured-20indirectly-20through-20taxes-20or-20blanket-20licenses,-20they-20are-20now-20subjected-20to-20a-20mass-20litigation-20campaign.-0ADespite-20the-20wide-20media-20attention-20and-20spectacular-20headlines,-20litigation-20has-20produced-20only-20limited-20results-20in-20the-20present-20era-20of-20digital-20downloading-20and-20peer-2Dto-2Dpeer-20(or-20"P2P")-20file-20swapping.-20Lawsuits-20against-20private-20copiers-20have-20not-20halted-20file-2Dsharing-20activities.-20An-20ever-2Dincreasing-20number-20of-20unlicensed-20downloads-20are-20taking-20place-20in-20private-20homes-20all-20over-20the-20world.-20According-20to-20recent-20data,-20over-20twelve-20million-20people'-20are-20simultaneously-20sharing-201.08-20billion-20music,-20movie,-20and-20software-20files-20on-20the-20Internet-20at-20any-20given-20moment.-0AWhy-20are-20inspaniduals-20unresponsive-20to-20the-20increased-20costs-20of-20downloading-20unlicensed-20music-3F-20One-20possible-20reason-20is-20that-20inspaniduals-20simply-20believe-20that-20the-20chances-20of-20being-20caught-20are-20too-20remote-20because-20there-20are-20so-20many-20people-20downloading-20at-20any-20given-20moment-20in-20time.-20Downloading-20fell-20temporarily-20during-20the-20initial-20wave-20of-20lawsuits-20but-20increased-20again-20during-20subsequent-20rounds-20of-20lawsuits-20as-20file-20swappers-20updated-20their-20estimation-20of-20the-20chances-20of-20getting-20caught.-0ANotwithstanding-20the-20limited-20deterrent-20effect-20of-20lawsuits-20on-20file-20sharing,-20record-20industry-20representatives,-20who-20often-20refer-20to-20lawsuits-20in-20terms-20of-20"educating"-20the-20public-20on-20copyright-20law,-20have-20announced-20that-20they-20will-20continue-20to-20pursue-20litigation-20against-20inspanidual-20file-20swappers.-20In-20this-20Article,-20we-20suggest-20that-20if-20litigation-0Aindeed-20serves-20purposes-20other-20than-20deterrence,-20legal-20sanctions-20are-20unlikely-20to-20alter-20the-20social-20meaning-20and-20legitimacy-20of-20peer-2Dto-2Dpeer-20networks-20and-20file-20sharing.-20Because-20of-20a-20convinced-20belief-20among-20copyright-20users-20that-20file-20sharing-20should-20be-20legal,-20copyright-20enforcement-20is-20challenged-20by-20a-20social-20norm-20complication.-20Drawing-0Aon-20socio-2Dpsychological-20literature-20and-20new-20data-20from-20an-20empirical-20study,-20we-20posit-20that-20copyright-20litigation-20faces-20an-20impossibility-20theorem:-20lawsuits-20against-20file-20sharers-20cannot-20simultaneously-20achieve-20effective-20deterrence-20and-20promote-20pro-2Dcopyright-20norms." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

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