Programming and broadcasting
From Copyright EVIDENCE
This industry category includes the following:
60. This division includes the activities of creating content or acquiring the right to distribute content and subsequently broadcasting that content, such as radio, television and data programmes of entertainment, news, talk, and the like. Also included is data broadcasting, typically integrated with radio or TV broadcasting. The broadcasting can be performed using different technologies, over-the-air, via satellite, via a cable network or via Internet. This division also includes the production of programmes that are typically narrowcast in nature (limited format, such as news, sports, education, and youth-oriented programming) on a subscription or fee basis, to a third party, for subsequent broadcasting to the public.
- 60.1 Radio broadcasting
- 60.10 Radio broadcasting
- This class includes:
- - activities of broadcasting audio signals through radio broadcasting studios and facilities for the transmission of aural programming to the public, to affiliates or to subscribers
- This class also includes:
- - activities of radio networks, i.e. assembling and transmitting aural programming to affiliates or subscribers via over-the-air broadcasts, cable or satellite
- - radio broadcasting activities over the Internet (Internet radio stations)
- - data broadcasting integrated with radio broadcasting.
- 60.2 Television programming and broadcasting activities
- 60.20 Television programming and broadcasting activities
- This class includes the activities of creating a complete television channel programme, from purchased programme components (e.g. movies, documentaries etc.), self produced programme components (e.g. local news, live reports) or a combination thereof. This complete television programme can be either broadcast by the producing unit or produced for transmission by a third party distributor, such as cable companies or satellite television providers.
- The programming may be of a general or specialised nature (e.g. limited formats such as news, sports, education or youth oriented programming). This class includes programming that is made freely available to users, as well as programming that is available only on a subscription basis. The programming of video-on-demand channels is also included here.
- This class also includes data broadcasting integrated with television broadcasting.
Click Here for more details on this classification: Industry Appendix
| Industry Sectors | |
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Programming and broadcasting is an industry sector defined within the Copyright Evidence wiki.
The following studies involve this industry sector (64):
| Citation | |
|---|---|
| Albrecht (2023) | Albrecht, N.F.M. (2023) Disputes over intellectual rights in Brazil: interest organisations and their impacts on copyright laws SN Soc Sci 3:82, https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-023-00662-2. |
| Asser Institute and IViR (2014) | T.M.C. Asser Instituut/Asser International Sports Law Centre and the Institute for Information Law - University of Amsterdam (2014) Study on Sports Organisers' Rights in the European Union, EAC/18/2012 |
| BOP Consulting and DotEcon (2015) | BOP Consulting, DotEcon (2015). International Comparison of Approaches to Online Copyright Infringement: Final Report, commissioned by the Intellectual Property Office. |
| Bair (2020) | Bair, S.P. (2020) Impoverished IP, Ohio St. L. J. 523 BYU Law Research Paper No. 19-15, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3365290. |
| Baker and Cunningham (2006) | Baker, M., & Cunningham, B. (2006). Court decisions and equity markets: Estimating the value of copyright protection. Journal of Law and Economics 49(2), 567-596. |
| Banks and Li (2025) | Banks, J. & Li, J. (2025) Wherefore Art Thou: Mapping Public Debates about Image-Generative AI Proceedings of the 58th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 556-575, https://hdl.handle.net/10125/108904 |
| Batikas, Claussen and Peukert (2019) | Batikas, M., Claussen, J., & Peukert, C. (2019). Follow the money: Online piracy and self-regulation in the advertising industry. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 65, 121-151. |
| Bechtold (2013) | Bechtold, S., 2013. The fashion of TV show formats. |
| Bechtold, Buccafusco and Sprigman (2016) | Bechtold, S., Buccafusco, C. And Sprigman, J.C. (2016) Innovation Heuristics: Experiments on Sequential Creativity in Intellectual Property. Indiana Law Journal, 2016, Forthcoming. |
| Bellégo and Nijs (2020) | Bellégo, C., & De Nijs, R. (2020). The Unintended Consequences of Antipiracy Laws on Markets with Asymmetric Piracy: The Case of the French Movie Industry. Information Systems Research, 31(4), 1064-1086. |
| Blockx (2020) | Blockx, F (2020) Reading Tea Leaves Differently? A Comparison of the Interpretive Finger-Print of the European Court of Justice and the US Supreme Court in Copyright Law in Eleonora Rosati (ed), Handbook of EU Copyright Law (Routledge 2021). |
| Borghi, Maggiolino, Montagnani and Nuccio (2012) | Borghi, M., Maggiolino, M., Montagnani, M.L. & Nuccio, M. (2012). Determinants in the online distribution of digital content: An exploratory analysis. European Journal for Law and Technology, 3(2), 1-29. |
| Burgmer, Forstmann and Stavrova (2018) | Burgmer, P., Forstmann, M. & Stavrova, O. (2018) Ideas are cheaar: When and why adults value labor over ideas, Journal of Experimental Psychology, doi:10.1037/xge0000473. |
| Charles River Associates (2014) | Charles River Associates, Economic Analysis of the Territoriality of the Making Available Right in the EU (2014). |
| Chelberg (2021) | Chelberg, K (2021) ‘Sharing is Caring’: Copyright Metaphors and Online Sharing Norms Law Technology and Humans 3 (2):61-75 https://doi.org/10.5204/thj.1271. |
| Chepurna and Criado (2021) | Chepurna, M. & Criado, J. R. (2021) What motivates and deters users’ online co-creation? The role of cultural and socio-demographic factors, Emerald Insight, https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/SJME-10-2020-0176. |
| Chiou and Tucker (2011) | Chiou, Lesley and Tucker, Catherine, Copyright, Digitization, and Aggregation (December 13, 2011). NET Institute Working Paper No. 11-18. |
| Elkin-Koren and Netanel (2020) | Elkin-Koren, N. & Netanel, N. W. (2020) Transplanting Fair Use Across the Globe: A Case Study Testing the Credibility of US Opposition, Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series. 50. |
| Envisional (2011) | Envisional (2011), Technical report: An Estimate of Infringing Use of the Internet |
| Farooqui, Goodridge and Haskel (2011) | Farooqui, S., Goodridge, P., & Haskel, J. (2011). The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in the UK Market Sector. Intellectual Property, 2. |
| Fietkiewicz (2020) | Fietkiewicz K.J. (2020) The Law of Live Streaming: A Systematic Literature Review and Analysis of German Legal Framework. In: Meiselwitz G. (eds) Social Computing and Social Media. Design, Ethics, User Behavior, and Social Network Analysis. HCII 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 12194. Springer, Cham. pp. 227-242 |
| Fortney and Hansen (2023) | Fortney, K. and Hansen, D. (2023) ‘Assessing the Copyright Small Claims Court After One Year’ 70 J. Copyright Soc’y U.S.A. |
| Frank N. Magid Associates (2009) | Frank, N. Magid Associates. 2009. Introducing Hollywood’s best customers: Vuze user vs. general internet: Comparative data. |
| Fromer and Lemley (2013) | Fromer, Jeanne C., and Mark A. Lemley. "Audience in Intellectual Property Infringement, The." Mich. L. Rev. 112 (2013): 1251. |
| Gaustad, Eidsvold-Toien and Viken (2019) | Gaustad, T., Eidsvold-Toien, I. and Viken, M. (2019) ‘Enforcing Copyright Online in Scandinavia: Economic Consequences of Nuances in National Implementations of International Law’, B1 Norwegian Business School. |
| Geradin (2005) | Geradin, Damien. Access to content by new media platforms: a review of the competition law problems. European Law Review, February (2005). |
| GfK Belgium (2015) | GfK Belgium, Provision of two online consumer surveys as support and evidence base to a Commission study: Identifying the main cross-border obstacles to the Digital Single Market and where they matter most |
| Goodridge, Haskel and Mitra-Kahn (2012) | Goodridge, P., Haskel, J. & Mitra-Kahn, B. (2012) Updating the value of UK copyright investment, IPO, 2012 |
| Goolsbee and Petrin (2004) | Goolsbee, A., & Petrin, A. (2004). The consumer gains from direct broadcast satellites and the competition with cable TV. Econometrica, 72(2), 351-381. |
| Gowers (2006) | Gowers, A. (2006). Gowers Review of Intellectual Property. The Stationery Office. |
| Hadopi (2011) | HADOPI. 2011. Hadopi, cultural assets and internet use: practices and perceptions of French internet users (Online). Available: http://www.hadopi.fr/download/HADOPI_T0_version_long.pdf. |
| Hallinan, Reynolds and Rothenstein (2024) | Hallinan, B., Reynolds, C. J. & Rothenstein, O. (2024) Copyright callouts and the promise of creator-driven platform governance Internet Policy Review Vol 13 Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.14763/2024.2.1770. |
| Hargreaves (2011) | Hargreaves, I. (2011). Digital Opportunity. A Review of Intellectual Property and Growth, |
| Hazucha, Liu and Watabe (2013) | Hazucha, B., Liu, H. and Watabe, T, Copyright, Technological Protection Measures and Their Acceptance by Consumers in Japan, SERCI Annual Congress Conference Paper (2013). |
| Hu, Jiantong Zhao and Bairner (2022) | Hu, X.R., Jiantong Zhao, J.L., and Bairner, A. (2022) Why join the navy when you can be a pirate? A study of Chinese audience’s willingness to pay for live streaming of the premier league. Sport in Society, 26(3). |
| IHS Technology (2015) | IHS Technology, Current Market and Technology Trends in the Broadcasting Sector, WIPO Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights, SCCR/30/5(Jun. 2015) |
| Intellectual Property Office (2016b) | Intellectual Property Office (2016), Government Response to the further consultation and technical review on changes to Section 72 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (which permits the free public showing or playing of a film contained in a broadcast). |
| Intellectual Property Office, Kantar Media (2016) | IPO and Kantar Media (2016) Online Copyright Infringement Tracker – Latest wave of research Mar 16 – May 16. Overview and Key Findings. A report commissioned by the UK Intellectual Property Office. |
| Karaganis and Urban (2015) | Karaganis, J., & Urban, J. (2015). The rise of the robo notice. Communications of the ACM, 58(9), 28-30. |
| Krishnan and Sitaraman (2012) | Krishnan and Sitaraman, Video Stream Quality Impacts Viewer Behavior: Inferring Causality Using Quasi-Experimental Designs, (2012). |
| Larsson, Svensson, Mezei and De Kaminski (2014) | Larsson, S., Svensson, M., Mezei, P., & De Kaminski, M. (2014). The Digital Intellectual Property Challenge Revisited: File-sharing and Copyright Development in Hungary. |
| Mezei (2018) | Mezei, P., ‘Copyright protection of sport moves’ in Bonadio, E. and Lucchi, N., Non-Conventional Copyright (Edward Elgar, 2018) |
| Miceli and Adelstein (2006) | Miceli, Thomas J., and Richard P. Adelstein. An economic model of fair use. Information Economics and Policy 18.4 (2006): 359-373. |
| Oliar, Pattison and Powell (2014) | Oliar, D., Pattison, N., & Powell, K. R. (2013). Copyright Registrations: Who, What, When, Where, and Why. Tex. L. Rev., 92, 2211. |
| Pertierra (2012) | Pertierra, A. C. (2012). If They Show Prison Break in the United States on a Wednesday, by Thursday It Is Here: Mobile Media Networks in Twenty-First-Century Cuba. Television & New Media, 13, 399-414. |
| PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008) | Making the Intangible Tangible: The Economic Contribution of Australia's Copyright Industries, PricewaterhouseCoopers, http://web.archive.org/web/20101206161639/http://www.copyright.org.au/admin/cms-acc1/_images/13730910374c97f6ba497bf.pdf (2008). |
| PricewaterhouseCoopers (2016) | PricewaterhouseCoopers Australia Report 'Understanding the costs and benefits of introducing a ‘fair use’ exception', 2016. |
| Radomska (2022) | Radomska, E. (2022) ‘Copyright and Culture: The Case of Poland’ in Stepien, M. Klakla, J. B. (eds) Law and Culture: Reconceptualization and Case Studies, vol 5, Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81193-8_7. |
| Radomska (2024) | Radomska, E. (2024) ‘The Hegemonization and Counter-Hegemonization of Polish Copyright Discourses, Qualitative Sociology Review, https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.20.3.05. |
| Reid (2021) | Reid, A. (2021). Clarity: An Analysis of DMCA Repeat Infringer Policies, 61. JURIMETRICS J, 405-41. |
| ... further results | |
