Rappaport (1998)

From Copyright EVIDENCE

Advertising Architectural Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing Programming and broadcasting Computer programming Computer consultancy Creative, arts and entertainment Cultural education Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities

Film and motion pictures Sound recording and music publishing Photographic activities PR and communication Software publishing Video game publishing Specialised design Television programmes Translation and interpretation

1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)? 3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors) 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)

A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right) B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction) C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing) D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts) F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Source Details

Rappaport (1998)
Title: Copyright Term Extension: Estimating the Economic Values
Author(s): Rappaport, E.
Year: 1998
Citation: Rappaport, E. B. (1998, May). Copyright term extension: Estimating the economic values. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.
Link(s): Open Access
Key Related Studies:
Discipline:
Linked by: Akerlof, Hahn and Litan (2002), Liebowitz and Margolis (2005), Png (2006), Png and Wang (2006)
About the Data
Data Description: The study looked into music, books, and films that were produced between 1922-1941, which are be the works that would have entered the public domain if it was not for the CTEA. Estimated their potential royalty earnings from 1998-2017
Data Type: Secondary data
Secondary Data Sources:
Data Collection Methods:
Data Analysis Methods:
Industry(ies):
Country(ies):
Cross Country Study?: No
Comparative Study?: No
Literature review?: No
Government or policy study?: No
Time Period(s) of Collection:
  • 1922-1941
Funder(s):
  • Congressional Research Service

Abstract

This report considers proposals to extend the duration of copyrights by 20 years (as in H.R. 2589 and other bills) and related proposals to charge a fee to the owners in order to receive the extension. The method of analysis is economic rather than legal. The report reviews the basic economic principals involved in copyright law and gives rough estimates of the value of copyrights on books, music, and movies produced in the 1920s and 1930s — those that would be most immediately affected by an extension of copyright terms. Likely marketplace effects of imposing a user fee are also outlined. This report will not be updated. For more from CRS, see the Guide to CRS Products under “Intellectual Property.”

Main Results of the Study

  • Estimated that total expected income from 1998-2017 of books, music, and films under extended copyright * Most income from the copyright extension would come from films and second most from books with music being the least economically valuable of the three* Copyright for books owned by authors or beneficiaries, most movies by studios and no clear majority for music ownership* Discussed fees for renewing copyright and how they could be used to support authorship.* Noted that the fees could push less economically viable works into the public domain and that companies would most likely need to bare the cost of their renewal fees.* Additional incentive brought on by the copyright extension would be small as present value for works would be negligible and the chance of a work surviving economically viable for long enough very small* Also mentioned that the extension would cause the total amount of works in the public domain to decrease and thus have a negative effect on creation


Policy Implications as Stated By Author

Suggests extension of copyright to life + 70 years would not be a useful as an incentive to create

Coverage of Study

Coverage of Fundamental Issues
Issue Included within Study
Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare
Green-tick.png
Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)?
Green-tick.png
Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors)
Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption)
Green-tick.png
Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)
Coverage of Evidence Based Policies
Issue Included within Study
Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right)
Green-tick.png
Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction)
Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing)
Green-tick.png
Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability)
Green-tick.png
Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts)
Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Datasets

Sample size: 266
Level of aggregation: Song
Period of material under study: 1922-1941


Sample size: 10
Level of aggregation: Song
Period of material under study: 1914-1947