Browse data: Studies

; Acar, G. Achal Prabhala Aguiar, L. Aguilar, A. Ahlert, C. Ahn, I. Al-Rafee, S. Altschuller, S. Amees, M. Andrés, A. R. Antelman, K. Arendt, J. Asongu, S. Assane Faye Atterer, R. Attorney-General's Department Aufderheide, P. Ausloos, J. Australian Law Reform Commission Bae, S. H. Baker, M. Band, J. Banks, J. Bar-Ziv, S. Bartholomew, K. J. Batikas, M. Bechtold, S. Beebe, B. Belleflamme, P. Bellégo, C. Benbunan-Fich, R. Bently, L. Bergquist, K Beyene, W. M. Bezmen, T. L. Bhattacharjee, S. Bieze, K. Björk, B. Bosworth, D. Bouchard, M. Boyles, J. Branstetter, L. G. Brauneis, R. Brooks, T. Bruckman, A. Buccafusco, C. Burrow, S. Butler, B. Cabell, D. Campbell, J. Canat, J. Caroline Ncube Castro, I. Cave, M. Charles River Associates Cheliotis , G Chen, S. Chen, Y-N. Chen, Y. Cheng, H. I. Chiou, J. S. Choi, J. P. Chris Armstrong Claussen, J. Clement, M. Cohen, W. M. Commission of the European Communities Condry, I. Cooper, E. Corbett, S. Cotropia, C. A. Cox, A. Cox, K. Crews, K. Cronan, T. P. Cuadrado-García, M. Cunningham, B. Cuntz, A Danaher, B. Danna, R. David, P. A. De Beer, J De Nijs, R. De Rosnay, M. D. De Wolf & Partners Deazley, R. Deegan, M. Deloitte Depken, C. A. Depoorter, B. Derclaye, E. Desmond Osaretin Oriakhogba Dhanasobhon, S. DiCola, P. C. Dickson, M. Dimita, G. Dootson, P. Dr. Ben Sihanya Dr. Dick Kakungulu Dr. Dick Kawooya Dr. Mamadou Seye Dr. Marisella Ouma Dr. Perihan Abou Zeid Dr. Tobias Schonwetter Dr Bassem Awad Dryden, J. Dusollier, S. EY Elkin-Koren, N. Erickson, K. Ernst & Young LLP European Commission European Union Intellectual Property Office Fagundes, D. Fam, C. K. Fan, Y. Favale, M. Fernando Dos Sanots Fesuton, J. Fiesler, C. Filipe Sitoi Fisman, R. Fitzgerald, B. Fleming, P. Foley, C. F. Ford, G. S. Frosio, G. F. Fryxell, G. Fyfe, A. Garcia-Bardidia, R. Garstka, K. Gasser, U. Gerafi, J. Gerhardt, D. Ghafele, R. Ghose, A. Giannoumis, G. A. Giblin, R. Gibson, J. Gilbert, D. Giorcelli, M. Giovanni De Gregorio Givon, M. Gopal, R. D. Graham, R. Green, T. Grönlund, M. Guadamuz, A. Guibault, L. Haefliger, S. Hammond, R. Handke, C. Harbaugh, R. Harkai, I. Haveman, H. A. Heald, P. J. Heinink, L. Herweg, S. Hester Wijminga Heyman, R. Hsee, C. K. Huang, C. Y. Hudson, E. Hui, K. L. Humphreys, S. Hviid, M. IHS Technology Ibosiola, D. Ilevbare, F. M. Intellectual Property Office Jacques, S. Jang, J. Jaszi, P. Javorcik, B. S. Jeroline Akubu Johnson, P. Johnson, W. R. Joost Poort João C. Magalhães João P. Quintais Julian Kolev Julieta Nhane Jäger, P. Kalimo, H. Kantar Media Karaganis, J. Kariithi, N. K. Katzenbach, C. Kennedy, J. Kenyon, A. Khan, B. Z. Khemka, R. Klutzz, D. N. Korn, N. Kretschmer, M. Kretschmer, T. Kritikos, K. C. Ku, R. S. R. Kumari, M. Kwame Anyimadu-Antwi Lampe, C. Langlais, P. C. Lee, E. Lee, H. K. Lemley, M. A. Lertwachara, K. Liebowitz, S. J. Lindgren, S. Lipinski, T. A. Liu, J. Logeais, E. Long, X. Loshin, J. Ma, L. Madnick, S. E. Mahajan, V. Mandel, N. Margolis, S. E. Marije van der Jagt Marsden, C. Marsden, J. R. Martinelli, A. Masur, J. S. Mateus, A. M. Max Planck Institute Mendis, D. Merz, J. F. Meyer, T. Mezei, P. Michel, N. J. Miller, H. Montgomery, A. Montoro-Pons, J. D. Moores, T. T. Moreno, J. Morrison, C. Mortimer, J. H. Moser, P. Muir, Adrienne Muller, E. Mustonen, M. Mwim, O. S. Mylly, T. Naana Halm Nagaraj, A. Nas, S. Nau, J. P. Nelson, R. R. Netanel, N. Nogaye Ndour Nosko, C. Noto La Diega, G. Nunes, J. C. Nuvolari, A. Oberholzer-Gee, F. Office of Harmonization in the Internal Market Office of the United States Trade Representative Oliar, D. Papies, D. Patouris, E. Peacemaker, B. Peha, J. M. Peitz, M. Pelletier, C. Perzanowski, A. Petitjean, F. Peukert, C. Picard, R. G. Piolatto, A. Pistorius, T. Png, I. P. Pokrywczynski, J. Poku Adusei Pollock, R. Pria Chetty PricewaterhouseCoopers Pritcher, L. Professor Abdelmark El Ouazzani Professor Jeremy De Beer Professor Moatsem El-Gheriani Professor Noufissa El Moujaddidi Professor Said Aghrib Puttitanun, T. Quiring, O. Rappaport, E. Reda, J. Reeves, P. Reid, A. Remy, E. Ricketson, S. Roark, M. L. Ronald Kukungulu Sag, M. Savage, S. Schofield, B. L. Schuett, F. Sean M. Fiil-Flynn, Michael Palmedo, Andrés Izquierdo Searle, N. Secchi, D. Secker, J. Seng, D. Sepetys, K. Sepúlveda, R. Shafir, Z. Shaheed, F. Sheehan, B. Siegel, M. D. Silbey, J. Sinclair, G. Singh, P. Sinha, P. Sinha, R. K. Sivan, L. Siwek, S. E. Smith, M.D. Smith, M. D. Smith, Michael D. Sonmez, M. Sorensen, A. Sprigman, C. Street, J. Stringhini, G. Strumpf, K. Strzelecki, A. Sun, J. Suzor, N. T.M.C. Asser Instituut/Asser International Sports Law Centre and the Institute for Information Law - University of Amsterdam Tan, C. H. Y. Tang, J. H. Teland, R. Telang, R. Terra, A. The European Patent Office and the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market The Intellectual Property Office Thomas, J. Thomes, T. P. Thompson, Seth D. Toivonen, T. E. Torremans, P. C. Touve, D. Towse, R. Troll Covey, D. Tsao, J. Tyson, G. Uhlig, S. United States Copyright Office Urban, J. M. Vacca, R. Vallbe, J. Van Alsenoy, B. Van Eechoud, M. Van Roessel, L. Vanneste, S. Verdoodt, V. Von Hippel, E. Von Krogh, G. Von Walter, B. Waelbroeck, P. Waldfogel, J. Walker, R. Wallace, A. Walsh, J. P. Wang, Q. H. Watson, S. J. Watt, R. Wauters, E. Weatherall, K. Weber, E. U. Wendy A. Bradley Won, S. J. World Intellectual Property Organization Wouter Klomp Yang, D. Yoon, K. Yuan, M. Y. Yung, C. Zentner, A. Zerkee, J. Zhang, L. Zhu, H. Zizzo, D. J.

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; A10: General A11: Role of Economics • Role of Economists • Market for Economists A12: Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines A13: Relation of Economics to Social Values A14: Sociology of Economics A1: General Economics A21: Pre-college A32: Collective Volumes A33: Handbooks A: General Economics and Teaching B2: History of Economic Thought since 1925 B41: Economic Methodology C01: Econometrics C12: Hypothesis Testing: General C13: Estimation: General C1: Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General C20: General C26: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation C50: General C5: Econometric Modeling C63: Computational Techniques • Simulation Modeling D01: Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles D02: Institutions: Design; Formation; and Operations D03: Behavioral Microeconomics • Underlying Principles D10: General D11: Consumer Economics: Theory D12: Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis D1: Household Behavior and Family Economics D23: Organizational Behavior • Transaction Costs • Property Rights D2: Production and Organizations D42: Monopoly D43: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection D4: Market Structure and Pricing D61: Allocative Efficiency • Cost–Benefit Analysis D7: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making D83: Search • Learning • Information and Knowledge • Communication • Belief D86: Economics of Contract: Theory D8: Information; Knowledge; and Uncertainty D: Microeconomics E01: Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth • Environmental Accounts E02: Institutions and the Macroeconomy E2: Consumption; Saving; Production; Investment; Labor Markets; and Informal Economy F13: Trade Policy • International Trade Organizations F16: Trade and Labor Market Interactions F1: Trade F23: Multinational Firms • International Business F2: International Factor Movements and International Business F60: General F62: Macroeconomic Impacts F63: Economic Development G18: Government Policy and Regulation G38: Government Policy and Regulation I23: Higher Education • Research Institutions I28: Government Policy J16: Economics of Gender • Non-labor Discrimination J22: Time Allocation and Labor Supply J30: General J3: Wages; Compensation; and Labor Costs K00: General K0: General K10: General K11: Property Law K12: Contract Law K14: Criminal Law K19: Other K1: Basic Areas of Law K20: General K23: Regulated Industries and Administrative Law K29: Other K2: Regulation and Business Law K33: International Law K39: Other K3: Other Substantive Areas of Law K40: General K41: Litigation Process K42: Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law K4: Legal Procedure; the Legal System; and Illegal Behavior K: Law and Economics L00: General L10: General L11: Production; Pricing; and Market Structure • Size Distribution of Firms L12: Monopoly • Monopolization Strategies L13: Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets L15: Information and Product Quality • Standardization and Compatibility L17: Open Source Products and Markets L1: Market Structure; Firm Strategy; and Market Performance L22: Firm Organization and Market Structure L51: Economics of Regulation L5: Regulation and Industrial Policy L82: Entertainment • Media L83: Sports • Gambling • Restaurants • Recreation • Tourism L86: Information and Internet Services • Computer Software L88: Government Policy L8: Industry Studies: Services L: Industrial Organization M2: Business Economics M37: Advertising M3: Marketing and Advertising M52: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M59: Other M5: Personnel Economics N3: Labor and Consumers; Demography; Education; Health; Welfare; Income; Wealth; Religion; and Philanthropy N: Economic History O14: Industrialization • Manufacturing and Service Industries • Choice of Technology O30: General O31: Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O32: Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O33: Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital O38: Government Policy O3: Technological Change • Research and Development • Intellectual Property Rights O47: Measurement of Economic Growth • Aggregate Productivity • Cross-Country Output Convergence O57: Comparative Studies of Countries O: Economic Development; Technological Change; and Growth P52: Comparative Studies of Particular Economies Y10: Data: Tables and Charts Y80: Related Disciplines Z10: General Z11: Economics of the Arts and Literature Z13: Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology • Social and Economic Stratification Z18: Public Policy Z1: Cultural Economics • Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology

Primary and Secondary data (45) · Primary data (97) · Secondary data (101)

; 1944-2012 ALCS survey 2007 ALCS survey 2015 AfDB (2012) Alexa Amazon.com Arbitron Artnet Australia Council study of practising professional artists (2003) Australian Bureau of Statistics (2013) Australian Bureau of Statistics (2014) Australian Economic Indicators (2008) Australian Law Reform Commission (2013) Austrian composers report (1993) BPI Baker and Cunningham (2009) BiB TV Programming Source Book BigChampagne Billboard-Blogs Billboard Chart Bing transparency report BitTorrent protocol of all torrents between 2004 and 2013 Blog posts Booksinprint.com Boxofficemojo.com Brauneis and Oliar (2015) Brauneis and Oliar (2017) Bundesverband der Phonographischen Wirtschaft Bureau of Labor Statistics Business Software Alliance Business Software Alliance (2010) CDBaby CNC COMPUSTAT CPA (2002) CRS Case law CcMixter Chilling Effects (Lumen) Chilling Effects repository CitiGroup Clarivate Web of Science Collecting societies Communication and Mass Media Companies’ SEC annual report filings Consumer Expenditure Survey Copyright Levies Reform Alliance Copyright Office Electronic Catalog Copyright laws Copyright renewal records Creative & Cultural Skills UK Current Population Survey DACS study 2011 DG Trade: Market Access Database Data.gov.uk Digital Citizen Project Digital Music Times Dun and Bradstreet EBRD Foreign Investment Survey ECJ EMusic EconLit Erickson, Kretschmer and Mendis (2013) European Commission Eurostat Eurostat Labour Force Survey Eurostat Structural Business Survey Evidon Existing academic literature Federal Communication Commission Film Index International Financial data from COMPUSTAT’s Fundamental Annuals Finnish music business study (2003) Fraser Institute GMID German Tax Data Global Market Information Database Google Transparent Report Google Trends Google transparency report HTTPArchive Haverman (2004): Antebellum literary culture and the evolution of American magazines Https://www.court.gov.il/NGCS.Web.Site/HomePage.aspx IFPI IFPI (2011) IFPI (2013) IMDb IMDbPro INDU Committee ITunes Indian Box Office Revenues (http://ibosnetwork.com/default.aspx) Indian Censor Board (http://cbfcindia.gov.in/) InfoUSA Infosoc Directive Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System International Federation of the Phonographic Industry 2000 International Planning Research Corporation International Planning and Research Corporation 2000 International Telecommunication Union International treaty James Coover (1983) Justwatch.com KEA (2012) Kinomatics project Ku, Sun and Fan (2009) Künstlersozialkasse insurance data Landes and Posner (2003) LexisNexis Literature review Lumen Lunney (2014) MCC Report Major Record Company Sales Data Market Analysis Information Database Miller, P (2012) Thinking about Open Data, With a Little Help from the Data Hub. Cloud of Data Mininova Moody's Movie2k.to MusicBrainz Music Publishers Association (2014) Musicians and the Internet (2004) Muso Médiamétrie NACE classification Natioanal Statistics Offices National Music Publishers Association National studies Net Hamishpat Newspaper articles Nielsen Media Research Nielsen SoundScan Nokia None stated Not Specified OECD (GDP) OECD Reports OFCOM statistics OTA (1986) Oliar, Pattison and Powell (2014) Oliar and Matich (2013) Overdrive PRODCOM PRS for Music Pew Internet Project Pew Study of American Artists Phonolog data base Pollstar PsychInfo Publishers Weekly Publishersweekly Quantitative-empirical literature based on economic theory Quantitative Survey Data Quora RIAA RIAJ Rentrak Revenue data Review of Existing Academic and Industries Literature SHERPA institutional repository list ScreenDaily.com Society of Authors Sony SoundScan Statutory exceptions Study of self-employed German authors and artists (2006) Survey of GLAM open access policy and practice Tax Foundation The Directory of Open Access Repositories The United States Supreme Court Judicial Database Thomson One Banker Database Ticknor and Fields Publishing Tmdb TuneCore Twitter Twitter transparency report U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis U.S. Census Bureau U.S. Copyright Registrations UK IPO UNESCO Statistical Yearbook USPTO US Copyright Office US Federal Court Decisions US Patent and Trademark Office United States Federal Courts United States Patent and Trademark Office website Various Various Historical Opera Annals Various music magazines and websites Vcdquality.com Vimeo transparency report Vivendi WAN-IFRA Database WIPO WIPO (1989) WIPO (2008) WIPO (2014) WIPO Lex Ward's Westlaw Whotracks.me Wired Magazine World Bank World Bank's World Development Indicators World Development Indicators CD-ROM World Governance Indicator Project World Income Inequality Database World Telecommunication/Information and Communication Technologies Indicators Worldscope XBox.com YOUNISON Yahoo movies Yo Yo Games Store YouTube ‘2000 Global Software Piracy Report’, conducted by International Planning and Research Corporation (IPR) for the Business Software Alliance (BSA) and Software and Information Industry Association (SIIA).

Archival Research · Case Study · Document Research · Ethnography · Experimental (Field) · Experimental (Laboratory) · Experimental (Natural) · Focus Groups · Historical Methods · Life History · Longitudinal Study · Participant Observation · Qualitative Collection Methods · Qualitative content/text mining · Quantitative Collection Methods · Quantitative data/text mining · Semi-Structured Interview · Snowball sampling · Structured Interview · Survey Research (qualitative; e.g. consumer preferences) · Survey Research (quantitative; e.g. sales/income reporting) · Unstructured Interview · Web analytic (online user trace data) · Other · None

Cluster analysis (8) · Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (3) · Correlation and Association (43) · Descriptive statistics (counting; means reporting; cross-tabulation) (77) · Discourse Analysis (12) · Ethnographic/narrative analysis (8) · Grounded Theory (6) · Legal Analysis (70) · Meta-Analysis (5) · Multivariate Statistics (16) · Qualitative Analysis Methods (69) · Qualitative Coding / Sorting (e.g. of interview data) (35) · Quantitative Analysis Methods (102) · Quantitative content analysis (e.g. text or data mining) (86) · Regression Analysis (46) · Social Network Analysis (2) · Structural Equation Modeling (11) · Textual Content Analysis (73) · Triangulation (2) · Visual / Other Content Analysis (4)

; Africa Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Canada Caribbean Netherlands Chile China Colombia Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic EU Egypt England Estonia Europe European Union Finland France Germany Ghana Global Greece Honduras Hong Kong Hungary India Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Japan Kenya Korea Latvia Lithuania Malaysia Mauritius Mexico Morocco Mozambique New Zealand Nigeria Norway Pakistan Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Scotland Senegal Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand The Netherlands Turkey UK Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Unknown Venezuela Worldwide Zimbabwe

No (153) · Yes (97)

No (177) · Yes (73)

No (210) · Yes (32)

No (206) · Yes (36)

; * Random Sample of Feasibility: 1999 to 2001 * The Posner Memorial Collection 2001 to 2004 * The Million Book Project 2003 to 2005 1 January 2005 - 31 December 2008 1 January 2015 - 31 December 2017 1 January 2017 - 31 December 2017 1 October 2018 – 30 April 2019 14 April 2018 15 May 2018 16 March - 16 May 2016 1667 17 July 2017 1794-1960 1853 to 1996 1890 - 1964 1900 - 2014 1910 to 1960 1922-1941 1960-1985 1975–2000 1977 to 1984 1978 - 15 January 2018 1978 to 2005 1978-2000 1978-2012 1982 - 1999 1984 - 2013 1984 to 1999 1984 to 2006 1985-2000 1985-2005 1989 to 2005 1989 to 2008 1989-1994 199-2000 1990-2000 1991 to 2007 1991-2002 1991-2007 1992-2014 1993-2004 1994 1994-2014 1996-2005 1997 to 2000 1997-2008 1998 to 2012 1998-2002 1998-2003 1998-2004 1998-2009 1998-2018 1999 to 2015 1999-2000 1999-2006 2000,2005, and 2013 2000-2006 2000-2012 2001 to 2003 2001-2002 2002 2002 - 2014 2002 to 2007 2002 to 2008 2002-2007 2003 2003-2004 2003-2007 2003-2012 2003-2013 2003-2017 2004 to 2005 2004 to 2011 2004 to 2014 2004-2005 2004-2006 2005 2005 to 2006 2005 to 2008 2006 to 2010 2006 to 2011 2006-2009 2007 2007 to 2008 2007 to 2009 2007-2008 2007-2011 2007-2012 2008 2008 to 2009 2008 to 2014 2008-2011 2009 2009 - 2012 2009-2011 2009-2014 2010 2010-2011 2010-2013 2011 2011 - 2015 2011 to 2012 2011-2012 2012 2012 to 2013 2012-2013 2013 2013-2014 2014 2014-2015 2014-2016 2015 2015-2019 21-28 October 2016 9-30 November 2018 April 17 -December 10, 2018 April 2004 - July 2004 April 2007 December 2016 January 1992 – June 2012 January 2009, June 2009, March 2010 and December 2010. January 2012 January 2017 January 2022 to May 2022 July 2012 July 2016 – October 2018 July and November 2003 June 2008 June to September 2009 May - October 2013 Mid-1980s No data Non stated Not Specified Not Stated Not specified Not specified, but all data (policies) were last analysed on May 5, 2021. Not stated Not stated. November 2018 - January 2019 November to December 2006 October 2012 - December 2015 Pre 1990 Prior to 2007 September 2002 - March 2003 September to December 2012 Six weeks from 29 May to 10 July 2015 Spring 2013 Unstated. Until 2012

; AHRC AHRC grant noAH/K001841 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Amedeo Piolatto acknowledges financial support from IVIE, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grant ECO2009-12680), the Barcelona GS Research Network and the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant 2009 SGR 102). Arts and Humanities Research Council Auckland Council Libraries Australian Copyright Council Australian Government Australian Research Council projects LP160100387, FT170100011 and DE170100037 Australian Research Council via projects LP160100387, FT170100011 and DE170100037 Authors’ Licensing & Collecting Society (ALCS) Bowdoin College Brisbane City Council Libraries Bruce Miller CREATe CREATe, AHRC Grant Number AH/K000179/1 CREATe, Grant Number AH/K000179/1 Canadian Association of Research Libraries Center for Global Partnership Center for the Analysis of Property Rights and Innovation (CAPRI) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Comissioned for and sponsored by the National Recording Preservation Board, Library of Congress Commonwealth of Australia Congressional Research Service Deloitte Department of International Trade, Chungnam National University EUIPO Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (grant RES-173-27-0220) European Commision European Commission European Grouping of Societies of Authors and Composers European Parliament Flemish Agency for Innovation through Science and Technology George F. Baker Foundation Gold Coast Libraries Google Inc. H2020 reCreating Europe Hampshire Library Service Hellen Posner Henry Posner jr. I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee ICT4D IDRC IPO Intellectual Property Office International Intellectual Property Alliance Israeli Internet Association JISC Kenan Faculty Fund LINK Centre Million Book Project Motion Picture Association of America National Science Foundation National University of Singapore through the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 National and State Libraries Australia Naval Academy Research Council Grant None None Stated None stated Not Specified Not Stated Not stated Office of the United States Trade Representative OpenForum Europe Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation Queen Elizabeth Scholar programme Research Councils UK Research Innovation Grant Robert William University Research Foundation SABIP Shuttleworth Foundation Cape Town South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant No 98405) St Mary’s County Library Swiss National Science Foundation The Creators’ Rights Alliance The Finnish Academy The Leverhulme Trust The National Academies of the Sciences The Office for Harmonization in the Internal market The Sloan Foundation The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for the doctoral fellowship and the Association of Colleges and Research Libraries for the Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship that covered the costs of data collection. The author gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the New Zealand Law Foundation for this research project. The authors acknowledge the George Mason University’s Center for the Protection of Intellectual Property and its Leonardo da Vinci Research The second author has benefited from the visit to the Institute of Innovation Research of Hitotsubashi University, whose generous provision of research opportunity is gratefully acknowledged This Report was prepared for APRA AMCOS, PPCA, Copyright Agency│Viscopy, Foxtel, News Corp Australia and Screenrights. This research is an ESRC, AHRC and IPO funded research project in the form of a placement fellowship. The fellowship places the researcher (Dr. Searle) in the Economics, Research and Evidence Team at IPO offices in London. This work was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant number RES-173- 27-0219). It occurred in conjunction with the Scottish Funding Council funded Moving Targets project. This research was funded in part by a PSCCUNY grant #67792-00-36 and a Doctoral Student Research Grant from the CUNY Graduate Center. This research was part of the multicountry research project 'Towards a Detente in Media Piracy' undertaken by the Association for Progressive Communications (ACP) and supported bu the Social Science Research Council (SSRC), New York Towards a National Collection programme UCLA School of Law UNC Arts and Humanities Research Grant United Nations United States Copyright Office University of East Anglia University of Houston Law Center’s Institute for Intellectual Property & Information Law’s 2012-2013 Sponsored Scholarship Grant for the Legal Academy Vancouver Public Library WHO WIPO We 
thank 
the
 National
 Human 
Genome 
Research
 Initiative 
for 
a 
generous 
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supporting 
this
 work World Intellectual Property Office World Intellectual Property Organization Yarra Plenty Regional Library Yarra Plenty Regional Library,Gold Coast Libraries de Thuiskopie openAir - African Innovation Research reCreating Europe - Rethinking digital copyright law for a culturally diverse, accessible, creative Europe (870626) the Australian Library and Information Association the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Canada the state libraries of Western Australia South Australia and New South Wales the state libraries of Western Australia, South Australia and New South Wales ∗Support for this research by NBER’s Economics of Digitization and Copyright Initiative is gratefully acknowledged.

1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare (145) · 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)? (56) · 3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors) (29) · 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) (112) · 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media) (97)

A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right) (78) · B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction) (53) · C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing) (25) · D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) (107) · E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts) (34) · F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness) (109)

1 - 4 (35) · 4 - 30 (43) · 30 - 110 (39) · 110 - 300 (30) · 300 - 2,000 (47) · 2,000 - 60,000,000 (35)

; Academic article Advertisements Album Articles Artist Australian copyright industries Blog posts Book prices Books Case Studies Case Study Case study Cases Collecting societies Company Competition agencies Concerts Copyright Law Suits Copyright enforcement models Copyright enforcement systems Copyright registrations Copyright systems Country Court Decisions Court cases Creative industries Creators Cultural Heritage Institutions Cultural Institution Staff Digital Sales in 6 European Music Markets Digitised Book Collections Documents Economic indicators Economic model Economic theory-based academic papers related to copyright Enforcement of copyright models Experts Federal Judgement Opinions Files Film Firm Firms Focus group Focus of the study is the domestic market for recorded music in the USA. Forum posts Hour Implementation model Individual Individual Responses Individual Staff Individual data Individuals Industry Instructors International Recording Industry Interview Journalists Journals Legal Decision Legal experts Librarians Literary authors Magazines Models for database creation Models of copying Monthly data shipment units Movies Music critics' rankings Music sales data Music services Music streaming services Musical compositions News articles Observations Open Source Software Open and closed development models Out-of-print books P2P communication events P2P users PSI re-users Piracy data Price observations Price units Profit margin units Publication Publications Publishers Questionnaire Recording Artists Rule-set Socio-economic variables Software Users Song Sound recordings Stakeholders Students Studies Submissions Systems of fair use in copyright TV Episodes Taiwanese Students Takedown complaints Takedown requests Treaty Tweets Two types of costs associated with piracy U.S. federal court decisions USA Students University students Videos Websites Wikipedia webpages Work made for hire cases Years Years of sales data applications authors book titles case study composers and lyricists copyright enforcement models court records economic models first performances orphan works publications per country per year songs takedown requests user-generated music video parodies year years

; 1 January 2011 – 31 December 2015 1 October 2018 – 30 April 2019 1667 1741-1860 1762-2007 1770-1900 1790-1920 1832-1858 1853 to 1996 1870-2006 1890 and 1964 1910 to 1960 1913-32 1914-1947 1922-1941 1930-2009 1956-59 and from 1963-66 1960-2010 1973 to 2003 1974-81 and 1983-86 1975 to 2000 1976-2010 1977 to 1984 1978 to 2005 1981 to 2001 1982-1999 1984 to 1999 1984 to 2013 1984-2011 1985 to 2005 1985 to 2009 1986-1988 1986-2005 1989 to 2005 1989-1994 1989-2008 1989-2014 1990 to 2011 1990-2000 1991 - to 2007 1991-2002 1992-2012 1992-2014 1993-2004 1994 1994 to 2006 1994-2014 1996-2007 1997 to 2000 1997-2008 1998 - 2003 1998 to 2013 1998-2002 1998-2003 1998-2004 1998-2009 1999 1999 to 2015 1999-2001 1999-2005 2000 2000-2005 2000-2012 2001 to 2003 2001-2004 2002 2002 to 2004 2002 to 2008 2002-2006 2002-2007 2002-2014 2003 2003-2004 2003-2005 2003-2007 2003-2012 2003-2013 2004 2004 to 2005 2004 to 2011 2004-2005 2005 2005 to 2006 2005 to 2008 2006 2006 to 2011 2006-2009 2006-2010 2007 2007 to 2008 2007 to 2009 2007-2008 2007-2012 2008 2008 to 2009 2008 to 2014 2008-2011 2009 2009 to 2012 2009-2011 2009-2014 2010 2010-2011 2011 2011 to 2012 2011 to 2015 2011-2012 2012 2012 to 2013 2012-2013 2013 2014 2014-2015 31 December 2012 April 2007 December 2010 January 1987-August 1992 January 2009 June 2009 March 2010 Mid-1980s Non stated Not Stated Not stated November to December 2006 Prior to September 2009 Publications of NYT bestselling authors who died between 1973-1999 Reviewed by the New York Times Book Review (NYTBR) from 1978-84 Six weeks from 29 May to 10 July 2015 The cut-off date for analysis is the end of the 2008 calendar year, although some 2009 data has been included where available and appropriate. Usage of the Universities learn-management-system in 2012. january 2008

Advertising (4) · Architectural (4) · Computer consultancy (3) · Computer programming (9) · Creative, arts and entertainment (68) · Cultural education (18) · Film and motion pictures (68) · Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities (19) · PR and communication (3) · Photographic activities (14) · Programming and broadcasting (13) · Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing (79) · Software publishing (65) · Sound recording and music publishing (99) · Specialised design (4) · Television programmes (38) · Translation and interpretation (1) · Video game publishing (3)