Browse data: Studies

; Adermon, A. Aguilar, A. Akester, P. Albinsson, S. Andrés, A. R. Astle, P. Band, J. Björk, B. Branstetter, L. G. Brassell, M. Bruckman, A. Cantatore, F. Carrier, M. A. Chandra, U. Claussen, J. Cobb, S. Cohen, W. M. Copes, H. Corbett, S. Cuadrado-García, M. Danaher, B. Danbury, R. Darling, K. Depoorter, B. Derclaye, E. DiCola, P. DiCola, P. C. Dowthwaite, L. EY Erickson, K. European Union Intellectual Property Office Fauchart, E. Fetscherin, M. Fiesler, C. Fisman, R. Foley, C. F. Gani, M. W. Garcia-Álvarez, E. Gerafi, J. Goel, S. Goodyer, I. Grönlund, M. Guibault, L. Haefliger, S. Handke, C. Heald, P. J. Hill, B. M. Holt, T. J. Homberg, F. Houghton, R. J. Hudson, E. Hui, K. L. Iljadica, M. Intellectual Property Office Jang, J. Jäger, P. Kapsalis, E. Karaganis, J. Kelly, K. Kenyon, A. Khaosaeng, K. Kheria, S. Klimis, G. M. Kretschmer, M. Kretschmer, T. Law, E. L. Levin, N. Liang, C. Y. Long, X. López-Sintas, J. Mendis, D. Merz, J. F. Miesing, P. Montoro-Pons, J. D. Mortier, R. Muir, A. Nanayakkara, G. Nelson, R. R. Nicolla, S.K. Office of Harmonization in the Internal Market Office of the United States Trade Representative Pearce, K. E. Perzanowski, A. Peukert, C. Picard, R. G. Png, I. P. Pokrywczynski, J. Poort, J. Quintais, J. Rappaport, E. Reeves, P. Reid, A. Rieber-Mohn, T. Roquilly, C. Schmid, M. Schofield, B. L. Secchi, D. Sheehan, B. Silbey, J. Singh, S. Smith, M. D. Subotnik, E. E. Sun, X. T.M.C. Asser Instituut/Asser International Sports Law Centre and the Institute for Information Law - University of Amsterdam Tang, P. Tanner, S. Teland, R. Toivonen, T. E. Touve, D. Tsao, J. Urban, J. M. Vacca, R. Von Hippel, E. Von Krogh, G. Vuopala, A. Waelde, C. Waldfogel, J. Walker, R. Wallis, R. Walsh, J. P. Wang, Q. Wang, Q. H. Wang, S. Westkamp, G Won, S. J. World Intellectual Property Organization Zentner, A. Zerva, K. Zhou, X. Zhu, J. J. H.

1998 (1) · 2000 (1) · 2001 (1) · 2002 (1) · 2003 (4) · 2004 (1) · 2005 (1) · 2006 (3) · 2007 (2) · 2008 (2) · 2009 (3) · 2010 (5) · 2011 (4) · 2012 (8) · 2013 (9) · 2014 (10) · 2015 (9) · 2016 (7) · 2017 (3) · 2019 (7) · 2020 (1) · 2022 (1)

; (Schultze & Mochalski 2009) Abbott (1988) Abrams and Ochoa (2021) Aguilar (2019) Allen (1983) Allen (2009) Alm (2014) Andersen, Kozul-Wright and Kozul-Wright (2007) Appel (1999) Armstrong (1990) Atkin (2002) Atkinson Roberts (2004) Aufderheide and Sinnreich (2016) Ayris (1999) BASCAP (2011) Bai and Waldfogel 2010 Baldrica (2007) Ballon and Westermann (2006) Band (2013) Band and Gerafi (2013) Banerjee, et al (2005) Bechtold (2002) Bechtold (2006) Beebe (2006) Beebe (2014) Bender (1984) Benkler (1999) Benkler (2013) Bently and Byron (2014) Bernstein (1992) Bertrand et al. (2004) Besen and Kirby (1989) Bessen and Maskin (2000) Bishop (2002) Blackburn (2004) Bounie, Bourreau and Waelbroeck (2006) Branstetter (2000) Brighenti (2010) Bromley (1999) Bruscia (2014) Buccafusco and Heald (2013) Buhse (2002) Burke (1996) Carroll (2006) Chiou, Huang and Lee (2005) Coates et al (2009) Cohen (2007) Cohen and Walsh (1988) Cohen et al. (1988) Collins (2002) Cooper and Harrison (2001) Cope and Freeman (2001) Creswell (2012) Crowston et al. (2012) Cummings (2013) DICola and Sag (2012) Danaher, Smith, Telang and Chen (2012) Davies (2002) DeMello (2000) De Vany and Walls (2007) Deazley and Stobo (2013) Dee & Evans (2003) Desai, Foley and Hines (2004) Diess (2002) Elber (2006) Ellickson (1991) Espinel (2010) European Audiovisual Observatory (2002) European Observatory on Infringement of IPRs (2015) Evangelista (2000) Fagundes (2012) Fairfield (2005) Fauchart and von Hippel (2008) Felten et al. (2001) Ferrell (1996) Fiesler and Bruckman (2014) Fiesler and Bruckman (2015) Fisk (2003) Furnell (2002) Garner (2005) Garnett (2006) Garon and Ziff (2011) Gauthier (2001) Geist (2006) Gervais (2009) Glaser and Strauss (1967) Glushko (2007) Goldstein (2001) Gopal and Sanders (1997) Gopal and Sanders (2000) Gordon (2001) Gowers (2006) Guibault et al (2007) HEDS (2002) Hargreaves (2011) Havens (2003) Hazard (2001) Heald, Erickson and Kretschmer (2015) Heald (2007) Hennig-Thurau, Henning and Sattler (2007) Herring (2006) Hinduja (2001) Holt (2007) Husted (2000) Hviid, Schroff and Street (2017) Hwang (2001) Iljadica (2016) Ingram and Hinduja (2008) Jayasuriya et al. (2010) Jones (2000) Kapferer (2000) Kelly (2013) Kettler and Towse (2002) Kheria (2013) Klimis, Kretschmer and Wallis (1999) Kranenburg and Hogenbirk (2005) Kretschmer and Hardwick (2007) Krishna (1997) Kwong et al. (2003) Landes and Posner (1989) Landes and Posner (2003) Lastowka (2008) Latham (2000) Lee (2001) Levin et al. (1987) Liebowitz (2005) Liebowitz (2006a) Liebowitz (2008) Liebowitz (2010) Liebowitz (2013) Liebowitz (2014) Liebowitz and Margolis (2005) Light (2005) Litman (1996) Litman (2001) Loshin (2010) MacIntyre (1981) Macdonald (2001) Manninen (2002) Markusen (2000) Marshall (2012) McInerney and Rose (1999) Merges (2004) Merz and Pace (1994) Nagaraj (2013) OHIM (2013b) Oberholzer-Gee-Strumpf (2007) Oberholzer-Gee and Strumpf (2007) Oheler (2004) Oliar (2006) Oliar and Sprigman (2008) Oliar and Sprigman (2009) Ostrom (2010) Pallante (2013) Papadopoulos (2003) Park (2008) Parry (1998) Passman (2012) Peitz and Waelbroeck (2006) Perzanowski (2013) Pessach (2007) Pfanner (2010) Pietz and Waelbroeck (2004) Png and Wang (2006) Pollock and Stepan (2010) Poort and Leenheer (2012) Poort et al (2018) Prosser (2003) Rappaport (1998) Rawsthorn (1997) Reid (2020) Ricketson (2006) Rob and Waldfogel (2004) Rob and Waldfogel (2006) Rob and Waldfogel (2007) Rodriguez (2006) Rosamond (2002) Rose(1993) Rose (1988) Rosenblatt (2011) Rushton (1998) Ryan (1998) Samuelson (2003) Saunders (1992) Schultz (2006) Shah and Tripsas (2007) Sibley (2015) Sibley (2019) Sissons and Spencer (2012) Siwek, Stephen and Harold Furchgott-Roth (1991) Siwek (2002) Siwek (2007) Smith and Telang (2012) Solomon and Bjork (2012) Stiles (2014) Stobo, Deazley and Anderson (2013) Strandbourg (2008) Subotnik (2011) Swinyard, Rinne and Kau (1990) Takeyama (1994) Tanner (2004) Taylor and Harper (2002) Towse (2001) Towse (2005) Towse (2006) Tushnet (2007) Van Gompel (2013) Van der Ende et al. (2015) Vetulani (2008) Waldfogel (2010) Waldfogel (2012) Wallis et al. (1999) Wang et al. (2016) Wei (2008) Westbrook (2006) Wirth, von Pape and Karnowski (2008) Wotherspoon (2003) Young (2014) Zentner (2005) Zentner (2006) Zetner (2006) Zhu (2007) Zimmerman (2011)

; A10: General A11: Role of Economics • Role of Economists • Market for Economists A12: Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines A14: Sociology of Economics A1: General Economics A20: General A21: Pre-college A22: Undergraduate A2: Economic Education and Teaching of Economics A: General Economics and Teaching D02: Institutions: Design; Formation; and Operations D11: Consumer Economics: Theory D12: Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis D23: Organizational Behavior • Transaction Costs • Property Rights D2: Production and Organizations D4: Market Structure and Pricing D83: Search • Learning • Information and Knowledge • Communication • Belief D: Microeconomics E01: Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth • Environmental Accounts E02: Institutions and the Macroeconomy F16: Trade and Labor Market Interactions G18: Government Policy and Regulation G38: Government Policy and Regulation H41: Public Goods H4: Publicly Provided Goods H: Public Economics I23: Higher Education • Research Institutions J30: General J3: Wages; Compensation; and Labor Costs K00: General K0: General K11: Property Law K12: Contract Law K14: Criminal Law K19: Other K1: Basic Areas of Law K2: Regulation and Business Law K42: Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law K: Law and Economics L11: Production; Pricing; and Market Structure • Size Distribution of Firms L17: Open Source Products and Markets L1: Market Structure; Firm Strategy; and Market Performance L21: Business Objectives of the Firm L22: Firm Organization and Market Structure L2: Firm Objectives; Organization; and Behavior L42: Vertical Restraints • Resale Price Maintenance • Quantity Discounts L5: Regulation and Industrial Policy L63: Microelectronics • Computers • Communications Equipment L82: Entertainment • Media L83: Sports • Gambling • Restaurants • Recreation • Tourism L86: Information and Internet Services • Computer Software L88: Government Policy L8: Industry Studies: Services L: Industrial Organization M37: Advertising M48: Government Policy and Regulation M52: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M59: Other M5: Personnel Economics O17: Formal and Informal Sectors • Shadow Economy • Institutional Arrangements O30: General O31: Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O32: Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O33: Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital O38: Government Policy O3: Technological Change • Research and Development • Intellectual Property Rights O: Economic Development; Technological Change; and Growth P2: Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies Z11: Economics of the Arts and Literature Z1: Cultural Economics • Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology

Primary and Secondary data (22) · Primary data (45) · Secondary data (17)

; 3 Major Film Studios Alliance for IP Anti-Copying in Design Anti-Counterfeiting Group Arthur, W.B. (1994) Artists’ Collecting Society Asia Pulse, 19 December 2000 Australian Society of Authors BiB TV Programming Source Book Big Innovation Centre Booksinprint.com Boxofficemojo.com British Copyright Council British Library British Phonographic Industry British Screen Advisory Council Bundesverband der Phonographischen Wirtschaft Business Software Alliance CDBaby COMPUSTAT CPA (2002) Case law Center for Research in Security Prices Compiled from 2003, 2002 and 2001 IIPA ‘Special 301’ Reports, People’s Republic of China (pp. 19, 32 and 26, respectively) Copyright Licensing Agency Copyright renewal records Creative & Cultural Skills UK Crown Prosecution Service DG Trade: Market Access Database Daniel, E. and Klimis, G.M. (1999) Dolfsma, W. (2000) Dun and Bradstreet EMusic Economist Intelligence Unit European Social Survey Eurostat Labour Force Survey Eurostat Structural Business Survey FICIX Federation Against Copyright Theft Federation Against Software Theft Film Index International Gameogre.com Global Market Information Database Google AdWords IFPI IMDb IMDbPro IPRC International Federation of the Phonographic Industry International Telecommunication Union Interpedia Lumen Ministry of Justice Mmorpg.com Mondepersistants.com Moody's Motion Picture Association Movie2k.to NACE classification NIX Natioanal Statistics Offices National Music Publishers Association National studies Netnod Newspaper Licensing Association Nupedia OECD Reports OFCOM statistics Open Data Institute Open Rights Group Open letter from Steve Jobs and response from Tim Amoroso from Macrovision PRODCOM PRS for Music Phonolog data base Piracy map compiled from IIPA 2001 ‘Special 301’ Report: Malaysia Police Intellectual Property Crime Unit Publishers Association Publishers Weekly Publishersweekly Review of Existing Academic and Industries Literature Rpgrank.com ScreenDaily.com Software and Information Industry Association Sony SoundScan Swedish Film Institute Swedish Performing Right Society (STIM) Annual Reports Thomson One Banker Database Trading Standards TuneCore U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis U.S. Census Bureau UK Interactive Entertainment UK Music UNESCO Viacom Vivendi WAN-IFRA Database WIPO WTO Ward's Wayback Machine World Bank's World Development Indicators World Governance Indicator Project World Income Inequality Database World Telecommunication/Information and Communication Technologies Indicators World Values Survey

Archival Research · Case Study · Document Research · Ethnography · Experimental (Field) · Experimental (Laboratory) · Experimental (Natural) · Focus Groups · Historical Methods · Life History · Longitudinal Study · Participant Observation · Qualitative Collection Methods · Qualitative content/text mining · Quantitative Collection Methods · Quantitative data/text mining · Semi-Structured Interview · Snowball sampling · Structured Interview · Survey Research (qualitative; e.g. consumer preferences) · Survey Research (quantitative; e.g. sales/income reporting) · Unstructured Interview · Web analytic (online user trace data) · Other · None

Cluster analysis (2) · Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (1) · Correlation and Association (13) · Descriptive statistics (counting; means reporting; cross-tabulation) (30) · Discourse Analysis (2) · Ethnographic/narrative analysis (3) · Grounded Theory (5) · Legal Analysis (14) · Meta-Analysis (2) · Multivariate Statistics (7) · Qualitative Analysis Methods (30) · Qualitative Coding / Sorting (e.g. of interview data) (28) · Quantitative Analysis Methods (35) · Quantitative content analysis (e.g. text or data mining) (21) · Regression Analysis (18) · Social Network Analysis (1) · Structural Equation Modeling (4) · Textual Content Analysis (22) · Visual / Other Content Analysis (1)

; Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Colombia Czech Republic Denmark Europe European Union Finland France Germany Global Greece Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Malaysia Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Norway OECD Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Korea Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand The Netherlands Turkey United Kingdom United States Unknown Venezuela

No (43) · Yes (41)

No (61) · Yes (23)

No (77) · Yes (4)

No (66) · Yes (15)

; 1922-1941 1980 - 2009 1982 - 1999 1984 - 2013 1984 to 2006 1991-2002 1994 1994,1997,2000 1994-1998 1996-2000 1997-2008 1999 to 2015 2001 2002 2003-2012 2003-2016 2004 to 2005 2004 to 2009 2004-2005 2006 2006-2013 2007 2007 to 2008 2007-2012 2008 2008 to 2014 2008-2009 2009 2009 - 2012 2010-2011 2011 2011 to 2012 2011-2012 2011-2013 2012 2012-2013 2013 2013-2014 2014 2014-2015 2014-2016 2015 2016 April 2010 - September 2011 Between May and July 2014. January 2009, June 2009, March 2010 and December 2010. July 2003 to July 2006 June 2000 Not stated November 2009 November 2011 – May 2012 October 2014 - September 2015 Prior to 2007 September 2010 – September 2012 September 2016 Six weeks from 29 May to 10 July 2015 Various

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (2) · Arts and Humanities Research Council (2) · Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) (1) · Center for Global Partnership (1) · City University of Hong Kong (1) · Congressional Research Service (1) · Department of International Trade, Chungnam National University (1) · ESRC (UK) Grant No. RES–186–27–0012 (1) · European Commission (5) · European Grouping of Societies of Authors and Composers (1) · Google (2) · IPO (2) · Intellectual Property Office (2) · Mellon Foundation (2) · NSF Award #121634 (1) · None (1) · None stated (1) · Not Stated (1) · Not stated (3) · Office of the United States Trade Representative (1) · Sloan Foundation (1) · Spangenberg Center for Law, Technology and the Arts at Case Western Reserve University School of Law (1) · The Leverhulme Trust (1) · The Office for Harmonization in the Internal market (1) · The author gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the New Zealand Law Foundation for this research project. (1) · The financial support for this project was given by the Leverholm Trust and the Herchel Smith Intellectual Property Research Fund, Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge (1) · This research was funded by Grant Number ECO2008-0410/ECON of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and FEDER, and by the Centre for Research and Studies in Humanities of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. (1) · University of Houston Law Center’s Institute for Intellectual Property & Information Law’s 2012-2013 Sponsored Scholarship Grant for the Legal Academy (1) · WHO (1) · WIPO (1) · World Intellectual Property Organization (1) · ∗Support for this research by NBER’s Economics of Digitization and Copyright Initiative is gratefully acknowledged. (1)

1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare (51) · 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)? (17) · 3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors) (15) · 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) (36) · 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media) (34)

A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right) (21) · B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction) (17) · C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing) (10) · D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) (40) · E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts) (10) · F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness) (33)

0 - 12 (22) · 12 - 20 (22) · 20 - 28 (25) · 28 - 40 (21) · 40 - 500 (29) · 500 - 200,000,000 (24)

; Advertisements Art Market Professionals Articles Case Studies Cases Chefs Collecting Societies Company Copyright cases Country Creative businesses Creative industries Creators Cultural Heritage Institutions Cultural Institutions DVD sales reports Design Professionals Fans Files Film Firm Focus Groups Focus of the study is the domestic market for recorded music in the USA. Forum post Governmental Representatives IXP traffic reports Individual Individual Copyright Offences Individual Staff Individual semistructured interviews Individuals Industry International Recording Industry Interview Interviewed author Interviews Interviews with content creators Journals Kickstarter projects Legal experts Motion Picture Markets Movie Theatre ticket sales reports Multinational music firms Museums Music professionals Music services Observations Online surveyed author Organisations Pages of text from archival research Photographers Projects Publishers Qualitative interviews Questionnaire Questionnaires Reports Song Stakeholders Studies Takedown Requests University students Virtual World Websites Wikipedia pages Work made for hire cases Years Years of sales data countries digital music sales reports events firm-events movie-by-weekend-by-country revenue observations music sales reports publicly traded firms

; 1914-1947 1922-1941 1950-2000 1980 - 2009 1982-1999 1984 to 2013 1989-2014 1990 to 2011 1991-2002 1991-2006 1994 1994 to 2006 1994, 1997,2000 1996-2000 1997-2008 1998 1999 to 2015 1999-2005 2000 2001 2002-2007 2003-2007 2003-2012 2003-2013 2004 to 2005 2004 to 2009 2004-2005 2004-2009 2005 to 2009 2006 2006-2013 2007 2007 to 2009 2007-2012 2008 2008 to 2014 2008-2009 2009 2009 to 2012 2010-2011 2011 2011 to 2012 2011-2012 2011-2013 2012 2012-2013 2013 2014 2014-2015 2014-2016 2015 2016 April 2010 - September 2011 December 2010 Interviews lasted between 10 and 50 minutes and were conducted with 4 female and 7 male content creators of online commics. The Interviews were conducted on a convention of comic creators (Thought Bubble) in 2013. January - April 2014 January 2009 January 2012 - April 2012 July 2003 to 2006 July 2003 to July 2006 June 2009 March 2010 Not stated November 2011 – May 2012 October 2014 - September 2015 Six weeks from 29 May to 10 July 2015 Unknown not stated

Advertising (1) · Computer programming (1) · Creative, arts and entertainment (21) · Cultural education (6) · Film and motion pictures (29) · Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities (8) · Photographic activities (9) · Programming and broadcasting (3) · Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing (25) · Software publishing (18) · Sound recording and music publishing (33) · Specialised design (4) · Television programmes (11) · Video game publishing (1)