Browse data: Studies

; Abdenour, J. Ad Hoc Committee on Fair Use and Academic Freedom, International Communication Association Adelstein, R. P. Adu, T.L. Akerlof, G. A. Akester, P. Anderson, I. Angelopoulos, C. Arai, Y. Arrow, K. J. Astle, P. Attorney-General's Department Aufderheide, P. Australian Law Reform Commission Azoulay, P. Balganesh, S. Banks, J. Barker, G. R. Beckles, T. Bello, B. Benkler, Y. Benson, S. R. Beyene, W. M. Bieze, K. Björk, B. Boustany, J. Boyles, J. Bresnahan, T. F. Brown, K. Bruckman, A. Brøvig-Hanssen R. Buchanan, J. M. Butler, B. Camerani, R. Campos, L. Canat, J. Castañer, X. Cave, M. Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Law Charles River Associates Charness, G. Chavarro, D. Cheliotis , G Clifford, M. Coase, R. H. Cohen, L. R. Corbett, S. Corrigan, R Cox, K. Crews, K. Danbury, R. David, P. A. De Francquen, A. De Rosnay, M. D. De Wolf & Partners Deazley, R. Deegan, M. Depoorter, B. Depreeuw, S. DiCola, P. C. Dickson, M. Dobusch, L. Dogan, G. Dryden, J. Dusollier, S. Edwards, L. Ekiz, O. Erickson, K. European Commission Favale, M. Fiesler, C. Fitzgerald, B. Flaherty, R. Flynn, S. Friedman, M. Frosio, G. F. Fuller, P. B. Gerhardt, D. Ghafele, R. Giannoumis, G. A. Gibert, B. Girard, Y. Gordon, W. J. Gowers, A. Goyal, T. Graf-Vlachy, L. Graff Zivin, J. S. Graham, R. Grassano, N. Gray, J.E. Green, D. Green, J. R. Grieco, D. Guibault, L. Hackett, T. Haefliger, S. Hagedoorn, J. Hahn, R. Handke, C. Hargreaves, I. Harkai, I. Hazlett, T. W. Heald, P. J. Heinink, L. Heins, M. Hemphill, C. S. Homberg, F. Hooper, R. Horva, A. Hossain, Z. Hubin, J. B. Hudson, E. Humphreys, S. Imperiale, L. Intellectual Property Office International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Jaszi, P. Javorcik, B. S. Jones E. Jäger, P. Kalimo, H. Karaganis, J. Katz, R. Kenyon, A. Khaosaeng, K. Kheria, S. Kinukawa, S. Klein, B. Koltay, T. Korn, N. Kortelainen, T. Kretschmer, M. Kurbanoglu, S. König, A. Landøy, A. Langlais, P. C. Lastowka, G. Lee, D. Lee, E. Lee, H. K. Lemley, M. A. Levin, N. Liebowitz, S. J. Litan, R. E. Liu, J. Logeais, E. Loshin, J. Lynch, R. Manso, G. Manta, I. Marshall, C. C. Masenya, T. M. Mathangani, S. W. Mattes, A. Mattioli, M. McHugh, R. J. Meletti, B. Mendis, D. Meyer, T. Mezei, P. Miceli, T. J. Milosevic, T. Mitchell, D. M. Monroy Rodríguez, J. C. Morrison, C. Moss, G. Muir, A. Muir, Adrienne Mwim, O. S. Mylly, T. Netanel, N. Ngulube, P. Noll, R. G. Otike, J. Ouardi, Y. Palmedo, M. Pappalardo, K. Philip, F. Pistorius, T. Png, I. P. Poor, N. PricewaterhouseCoopers Pritcher, L. Public and Corporate Economic Consultants Quack, S. Reda, J. Reimers, I. Repanovici, A. Ricketson, S. Ridder, A. K. Rieber-Mohn, T. Rogers, M. Rudzioniene, J. Sag, M. Sanchez-Graells, A. Santaló, J. Saunders, L. Schafer, B. Schmalensee, R. Schofield, B. L. Schuster, W. M. Secchi, D. Secker, J. Seng, D. Shafir, Z. Shaheed, F. Shahin, S. Shavell, S. Shipman, F. M. Silbey, J. Silvernail, C. Sinnreich, A. Stannard, E. Stevens, J. Stobo, V. Suzor, N. Suzor, N.P. Tanaka, J. Tang, P. Terra, A. L. Thompson, Seth D. Throsby, D. Todorova, T. Y. Tomalin, J. Travis, H. Triaille, J. P. Urban, J. M. Vallbe, J. Vallbé, J. Van Gompel, S. Van der Walt, T.B. Vanderkast, E. J. S. Varian, H. R. Von Krogh, G. Vuopala, A. WIPO Secretariat - Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights Waelde, C. Walker, R. Wang, Q. H. Westkamp, G Widdows, R. Wilkinson-Ryan, T. Willoughby, K. W. Xalabarder, R. Zeckhauser, R. J. Zizzo, D. J.

1982 (1) · 1984 (1) · 1985 (1) · 1993 (1) · 1997 (1) · 1999 (1) · 2000 (2) · 2002 (3) · 2003 (1) · 2004 (1) · 2005 (3) · 2006 (3) · 2007 (5) · 2008 (4) · 2009 (5) · 2010 (8) · 2011 (9) · 2012 (8) · 2013 (14) · 2014 (11) · 2015 (19) · 2016 (6) · 2017 (5) · 2018 (10) · 2019 (12) · 2020 (6) · 2021 (7) · 2022 (2)

; Abdenour (2014) Adeyinka and Oyeyemi (2017) Adler et al. (2010) Africa (2000) Akker, Noll, van der, Poort and Tewes (2010) Alter and Meunier (2009) Aplin and Bently (2020) Appel (1999) Arewa (2015) Aria and Kinukawa (2014) Arrow (1962) Asay (2019) Astle and Muir (2002) Audferheide and Jaszi (2018) Aufderheide, Hobbs and Jaszi (2007) Aufderheide, Milosevic and Bello (2015) Aufderheide, Pappalardo, Suzor, and Stevens (2018) Aufderheide (2012) Aufderheide and Davis (2017) Aufderheide and Jaszi (2004) Aufderheide and Jaszi (2011) Aufderheide and Jaszi (2018) Aufderheide and Sinnreich (2016) August (2008) Australian Government Productivity Commission (2016) Australian Law Reform Commission (2013) Ayris (1999) Bainbridge (2009) Baker (1993) Baker and Cunningham (2006) Balganesh (2012) Banks and Humphreys (2008) Barker (2013b) Barron (1967) Bechtold (2006) Beebe (2008) Belinfante and Johnson (1982) Benkler (1998) Benkler (2005) Benko (1987) Bently and Byron (2014) Bertoni and Montagnani (2015) Besen (1984) Bettig (1996) Bird and Ponte (2006) Bishoff and Smith (2015) Boldrin & Levine (2005) Boldrin and Levine (2008) Boltanski and Chiapello (2005) Boltanski and Thévenot (2006) Bolye (2008) Borghi, Maggiolino, Montagnani and Nuccio (2012) Borghi and Karapapa (2013) Boustany (2014) Boyle (2008) Breyer (1970) Brooks (2005) Brown and MacDonald (2014) Buccafusco (2007) Buccafusco and Heald (2012) Buccafusco and Heald (2013) Bueno-de-la-Fuente G, Robertson RJ and Boon S (2012) Burrell and Coleman (2005) Büthe and Mattli (2011) CLRA (2006) Caddick, Davies, and Harbottle (2013) Calabresi and Melamed (1972) Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Law (2006) Chapdelaine (2017) Chesbrough (2003) Chiapello and Fairclough (2002) Clerc (2002) Coates et al (2009) Cohen (2007) Collins (1973) Commission of the European Communities (2008) Coombe (2003) Copyright Law Review Committee (2000) Corbett (2011) Craig and Moore (2011) Creswell (2012) Crews (2008) Crews (2012) Crews (2014) Crews (2015) Curado and Bontis (2006) Dahlander and Gann (2010) Danbury (2016) Dasgupta and David (1994) Davies (2002) De Beer and Bouchard (2010) De Wolf & Partners (2014a) De Wolf & Partners (2014b) De los Arcos, B, Cannell, P and Mcillwhan, R (2016) Deazley (2006) Deazley (2010) Deazley and Stobo (2013) Depreeuw (2013) Desantes (1974) Dobusch and Quack (2012) Dolfsma (2011) Dryden (2008) Dusollier (2010) EIFL (2013) Econlaw (2007) Enkel, Gassmann and Chesbrough (2009) Erickson, Kretschmer and Mendis (2013) Estell and Saunders (2016) European Commission (2013) Evans and Stasi (2014) Ewick and Sibley (1998) Fagundes (2014) Fairclough (2003) Fairclough (2004) Falzone and Urban (2010) Farooqui, Goodridge and Haskel (2011) Fauchart and Hippel (2006) Favale, Homberg, Kretschmer, Mendis and Secchi (2013) Favale, Kretschmer and Torremans (2016) Favale (2008) Favale and Kretschmer, 2012 Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy (2014) Fernandez-Molina et al. (2017) Ferullo (2004) Ficsor (2002) Fiesler, Feuston and Bruckman (2015) Fiesler, Lampe, and Bruckman (2016) Fiesler, Lampe and Bruckman (2016) Fiesler, Morrison and Bruckman (2016) Fiesler (2008) Fiesler and Bruckman (2014) Fiesler and Bruckman (2015) Fiesler et al. (2015) Filippov (2014) Fillipov (2014) Fisher (2004) Flaxman, Goel and Rao (2016) Flynn and Palmedo (2018) Garnett (2006) Gayer and Shy (2006) Gervais (2008) Gervais (2009) Ghafele and Gibert (2012) Gilbert (2014) Ginarte and Park (1997) Ginsburg (2001) Ginsburg (2010) Ginsburg (2012) Gladney (1999) Glakas (2003) Goldstein (2008) Gordon (1982) Gowers (2006) Gowers (2012) Graf-Vlachy, Goyal, Ouardi and König (2020) Graham and Mowery (2006) Graz and Nölke (2008) Greenhalgh and Rogers (2010) Guibault (2014) Guibault et al (2007) Hall and Wright (2008) Handke, Girard, and Mattes (2015) Handke, Guibault, & Vallbé (2015) Handke (2010) Handke (2011) Handke and Towse (2007) Hargreaves (2011) Hargreaves (2012) Hargreaves et al. (2014) Heald (2007) Heald (2008) Heald (2013) Heald (2018) Helfer and Austin (2011) Hesmondhalgh (2007) Hess and Ostrom (2003) Hill and Hope (2008) Hippel (2006) Hirsch (2017) Hirtle (2006) Hobson and Seabrooke (2009) Holm (2001) Hooper and Lynch (2012) House report (1976) Howkins (2001) Hu (2006) Hudson (2017) Hugenholtz (2000) Hugenholtz and Okedji (2008) Hughes (2018) Hunt, Williams, Nicholas and Rowlands (2009) Hyde (2010) IFLA (2018) Illsley (2015) Intellectual Property Office (2015a) International Communication Association (2010) Jacque (2019) Jacques, Garstka, Hviid, et al (2018) James and al. (1983) Jaszi (2010) Jenkins (1992) Jenkins (2012) Jenkins (2013) Jeong and Lee (2010) John P. A. Ioannidis (2011) Johnson (1985) Jones (2021) Kapczynski (2008) Kaplan (1967) Kaveney (2005) Kirchkamp and Schunk (2012) Kortelainen (2015) Kretschmer (2011) Laddie, Prescott, and Vitoria (2011) Landes (2004) Landes and Posner (1989) Landes and Posner (2003) Lange (1981) Leadbeater and Miller (2004) Lee (2001) Lemley (2008) Lemley (2010) Lessig (2004) Lessig (2005) Lessig (2008) Lessing (2004) Leval (1990) Levi-Faur (2011) Li, MacGarvie and Moser (2015) Lichtenthaler and Ernst (2009) Liebowitz (2006a) Liebowitz and Margolis (2005) Liebowitz and Watt (2006) Light (2015) Litman (1990) Litman (1996) Liu (2013) Lobert et al (2015) Lorrain and Reda (2015) MacQueen, Waelde and Laurie (2011) Madison (2004) Madison (2014) Manovich (2008) Mansfield (1995) Manta (2012) Markovitz (1975) Marland (1995) Marshall and Shipman (2011) Marshall and Shipman (2013) Marshall and Shipman (2014) Masenya (2018) Maxwell (2004) May and Sell (2006) McGowan (2001) McLeod (2005) McLeod and DiCola (2011) Merges and Nelson (1990) Miceli and Adelstein (2006) Morrison and Secker (2015) Mulligan and Burstein (2002) Musick (2004) Mwim and Pistorius (2017) Nagaraj (2013) Nathan Associates (2006) National Academy of Science (2000) Newell (2011) Newman (2008) Ngulube (2012) Ngunjiri (2010) Niemi‐Kiesiläinen (2006) Nilsson (2015) Nimmer (2003) Nixon (2003) Nobre (2016) Novos and Waldman (1984) Nwauche (2005) Ogbu (2003) Oppenheim and Woodward (2004) Ostrom (2010) Owens (2010) Palmedo (2018) Pappalardo et al. (2017) Parry (1998) Patry (1995) Patterson (1987) Pedley (2003) Peer (2014) Pessach (2007) Pila and Torremans (2016) Png (2006) Pollock (2007) Pollock and Stepan (2010) Ponte (2006) Posner (1977) Postigo (2003) PricewaterhouseCoopers (2015) Prosser (2003) Rappaport (1998) Raustiala and Sprigman (2006) Raustiala and Springman (2006) Rawls (1994) Reese (2008) Ricketson (1999) Ricketson (2003) Ricketson (2003b) Ricketson (2006) Ricketson and Ginsburg (2006) Ringer (1963) Rob and Waldfogel (2006) Rodriguez Moreno (2004) Rogers, Tomalin and Corrigan (2009) Rogers and Szamosszeg (2007) Rogers and Szamosszeg (2010) Rogers and Szamosszeg (2011) Rogers and Szamosszegi (2010) Rose (2011) Rothman (2007) Rushing and Brown (1990) Rushton (1998) Sabatier (1986) Sag (2011) Samuelson (2009) Schofield and Urban (2015) Schuster (2015) Shah and Tripsas (2007) Shaver (2010) Sigauke and Nengomasha (2011) Silbey, Subotnik and DiCola (2019) Silbey (2019b) Sims (2011) Sinclair (1984) Sinnreich (2010) Sinnreich (2019) Smith, B and Lee, L (2017) Smith (1998) Sobel (2003) Solomon and Bjork (2012) Spoor, Verkade and Visser (2005) Spoor, Verkade and Visser (2019) Sprigman (2017) Stiles (2014) Stobo, Deazley and Anderson (2013) Subotnik (2016) Sumartojo (2009) Takeyama (1994) Taylor (2002) Taylor (2009) Tene and Polonetsky (2013) Terranova (2002) Thomas and Szamosszegi (2011) Thompson (2013) Throsby 1994 Throsby and Hollister (2003) Todorova et al. (2014) Todorova et al. (2017) Toller (2011) Towse, Handke, and Stepan (2008) Towse, Handke and Stepan (2008) Towse (2005) Towse (2014) Tsai (2012) Tushnet (2004) US Register of Copyrights (2006) Urban, Karaganis and Schofield (2016) Van Eechoud (2009) Van Hoecke (2015) Varian (2005) Vetulani (2008) Von Lohmann (2008) Vuopala (2010) WIPO (2015) Walter and Von Lewinski (2010) Wasike (2014) Westkamp (2004) Wilkinson-Ryan and Baron (2009) World Bank (2015a) World Bank (2015b) World Intellectual Property Organization (2015) Wotherspoon (2003) Xalabarder (2007) Yin RK (2018) Yoon (2007) Zimmerman (2007) Zittrain (2008)

; A11: Role of Economics • Role of Economists • Market for Economists A12: Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines A13: Relation of Economics to Social Values A14: Sociology of Economics A1: General Economics A21: Pre-college A22: Undergraduate A2: Economic Education and Teaching of Economics A: General Economics and Teaching B4: Economic Methodology C91: Laboratory; Individual Behavior C92: Laboratory; Group Behavior D02: Institutions: Design; Formation; and Operations D03: Behavioral Microeconomics • Underlying Principles D23: Organizational Behavior • Transaction Costs • Property Rights D2: Production and Organizations D83: Search • Learning • Information and Knowledge • Communication • Belief D: Microeconomics F23: Multinational Firms • International Business F2: International Factor Movements and International Business H41: Public Goods H4: Publicly Provided Goods H: Public Economics I23: Higher Education • Research Institutions J40: General K00: General K0: General K10: General K11: Property Law K12: Contract Law K14: Criminal Law K19: Other K1: Basic Areas of Law K20: General K21: Antitrust Law K29: Other K2: Regulation and Business Law K33: International Law K39: Other K40: General K41: Litigation Process K42: Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law K4: Legal Procedure; the Legal System; and Illegal Behavior K: Law and Economics L00: General L11: Production; Pricing; and Market Structure • Size Distribution of Firms L13: Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets L14: Transactional Relationships • Contracts and Reputation • Networks L17: Open Source Products and Markets L1: Market Structure; Firm Strategy; and Market Performance L21: Business Objectives of the Firm L2: Firm Objectives; Organization; and Behavior L33: Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions • Privatization • Contracting Out L43: Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation L82: Entertainment • Media L86: Information and Internet Services • Computer Software L8: Industry Studies: Services L: Industrial Organization M31: Marketing M38: Government Policy and Regulation O30: General O31: Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O32: Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O33: Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital O38: Government Policy O3: Technological Change • Research and Development • Intellectual Property Rights O57: Comparative Studies of Countries O: Economic Development; Technological Change; and Growth Z10: General Z11: Economics of the Arts and Literature Z13: Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology • Social and Economic Stratification Z18: Public Policy Z1: Cultural Economics • Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology

Primary and Secondary data (36) · Primary data (75) · Secondary data (36)

; All Japan Magazine and Book Publisher’s and Editor’s Association Australia Bureau of Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics (2013) BV Musikindustrie BV Phono Billboard Hot 100 Bowker Annual Bureau of Economic Analysis Survey Bureau of Labor Statistics Business models Case law CcMixter CitiGroup Clarivate Web of Science College and Research Libraries Copyright Levies Reform Alliance Copyright User Rights Database Copyright laws Digital Music Times Dusollier (2010) EBRD Foreign Investment Survey EITO Economic theories European Commission European Commission Impact Assessment on the Modernisation of EU Copyright Rules European Commission Public Consultation on the Review of the EU Copyright Rules. 5 December 2013 - 5 March 2014 European Public Domain Calculators Fiesler, Feuston and Bruckman (2015) Fiesler, Lampe and Bruckman (2016) Fiesler, Morrison and Bruckman (2016) Fiesler (2008) Fiesler and Bruckman (2014) Film Index International Flynn and Palmedo (2018) Global Market Information Database Google Trends Hargreaves 2011 Hugenholtz (2013) IFPI IMDb IMDbPro Industry Infosoc Directive International treaty Lateral Economics Legislative review LexisNexis Literature review Martindale-Hubbell Directory Musikindustrie NESTA Nokia None stated OECD (GDP) OTA (1986) Office for National Statistics Open letter from Steve Jobs and response from Tim Amoroso from Macrovision PWC Park and Reynolds Policy Reports Pre-existing Academic Research Quora RIAA Review of Existing Academic and Industries Literature SABIP SCImago Journal & Country Rank Singapore Department of Statistics Singapore Economic Development Board Statistisches Bundesamt Statutory exceptions Stichting de Thuiskopie Thomson Reuter's Web of Science (WoS) US Copyright Office US Statistical Abstracts US Supreme Court case Various WIPO WIPO (1989) Westlaw Who.Sampled.com Wired Magazine World Bank databank Worldscope Xerox YOUNISON Yano Research Institute

Archival Research (1) · Case Study (31) · Document Research (20) · Experimental (Laboratory) (2) · Experimental (Natural) (1) · Focus Groups (7) · Historical Methods (1) · Longitudinal Study (3) · Participant Observation (1) · Qualitative Collection Methods (62) · Qualitative content/text mining (24) · Quantitative Collection Methods (54) · Quantitative data/text mining (31) · Semi-Structured Interview (35) · Snowball sampling (3) · Structured Interview (4) · Survey Research (qualitative; e.g. consumer preferences) (34) · Survey Research (quantitative; e.g. sales/income reporting) (36) · Unstructured Interview (3) · Web analytic (online user trace data) (9)

Cluster analysis (4) · Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (1) · Correlation and Association (14) · Descriptive statistics (counting; means reporting; cross-tabulation) (34) · Discourse Analysis (7) · Ethnographic/narrative analysis (3) · Factor Analysis (3) · Legal Analysis (43) · Multivariate Statistics (6) · Qualitative Analysis Methods (62) · Qualitative Coding / Sorting (e.g. of interview data) (34) · Quantitative Analysis Methods (52) · Quantitative content analysis (e.g. text or data mining) (33) · Regression Analysis (18) · Social Network Analysis (1) · Structural Equation Modeling (1) · Textual Content Analysis (42) · Triangulation (2) · Visual / Other Content Analysis (2)

; Argentina Armenia Asia Australia Austria Bahrain Bangladesh Belgium Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Colombia Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Europe European Union Finland France Georgia Germany Ghana Global Greece Hungary India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Kenya Korea Kuwait Lesotho Lithuania Luxembourg Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Norway Palestine, State of Peru Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Scotland Singapore Slovakia South Africa South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand The Netherlands Turkey UK Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Unknown Venezuela Vietnam Zimbabwe

No (97) · Yes (53)

No (113) · Yes (37)

No (129) · Yes (18)

No (115) · Yes (32)

; 1853 to 1996 1910 to 1960 1910-1936 1977-1978 1978 - 15 January 2018 1984 - 2013 1984 to 1989 1989-1994 1991-2002 1992-2014 1996-1998 1996-2006 1997 to 2000 1999-2010 2000 2001 2001 to 2003 2001-2011 2002 - 2014 2003 2003-2016 2004 - 2005 2004 - 2019 2004 to 2005 2004-2005 2005 to 2006 2006 2006 - 2015 2006 to 2010 2007 2007 - 2009 2007 to 2008 2007 to 2009 2008 2008 to 2009 2008-2016 2009 2009 - 2012 2009 to 2011 2010 2010-2011 Pre-2011 2010-2013 2011 2011 September and October. 2011-2012 2011-2014 2012 2012 - 2020 2012-2013 2012-2016 2013 2013 (for survey) 2013-2014 2014 2014-2015 2015 2015-2016 2016 2016-2017 2017 - 2019 2019 2021 2022 5 December 2013 - 5 March 2014 A semester in 2013 August 2010 August 2013 Between May and July 2014. December 2015 – January 2016 January 2013 January 2017 January 2017 - April 2017 July 2013-March 2014 June 2008 June 2014-March 2015 Non stated Not Specified Not stated Not stated. November 2009 November 2018 – January 2019 October 2014 - September 2015 October 2017 Pre 1990 Pre-2006 September 2012 - August 2013

; ARC Discovery Projects Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Arts and Humanities Research Council Australian Digital Alliance Australian Digital Alliance (Pappalardo et al.) Australian Government Australian Research Council DECRA Fellowship Australian Research Council DECRA Fellowship (project number DE160101542) CREATe Center for Research in Government Policy and Business at the University of Rochester Commonwealth of Australia Consumer Focus Economic and Social Research Council Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (grant RES-173-27-0220) European Commission European Parliament Ford Foundation Fulbright Fellowship Funded by the Ford Foundation, through a Future of Public Media grant to the Center for Social Media German Institute for Economic Research Google Google Inc. Groupement Européen des Sociétés d’Auteurs et Compositeurs H2020 reCreating Europe HM Treasury Horizon 2020 Grant Agreement No. 870626 IPO Intellectual Property Office International Development Research Centre JISC NSF Award #121634 NSF grants 9979852 and 0331659 NSF of the Bulgarian Ministry of Education, Youth and Science, Contract, DFNI-К01/0002-21.11.2012 National Science Foundation (award #1216247) National Science Foundation EAGER National Science Fund of the Bulgarian Ministry of Education, Youth and Science, Contract No DFNI-К01/0002-21.11.2012 Not Stated Not stated Open Society Foundations RCUK Funded Centre for Copyright and New Business Models in the Creative Economy (CREATe) South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant No 98405) Spangenberg Center for Law, Technology and the Arts at Case Western Reserve University The American Council on Consumer Interests The Intellectual Property Office The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for the doctoral fellowship and the Association of Colleges and Research Libraries for the Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship that covered the costs of data collection. The author gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the New Zealand Law Foundation for this research project. The financial support for this project was given by the Leverholm Trust and the Herchel Smith Intellectual Property Research Fund, Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge This Report was prepared for APRA AMCOS, PPCA, Copyright Agency│Viscopy, Foxtel, News Corp Australia and Screenrights. This work was partially supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence scheme, project number 262762, and through the research project MASHED, project number 249817 This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 23243042, 24730212. UK Economic and Social Research Council United Nations WIPO We 
thank 
the
 National
 Human 
Genome 
Research
 Initiative 
for 
a 
generous 
grant 
supporting 
this
 work Western New England College School of Law World Intellectual Property Organization

1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare (110) · 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)? (34) · 3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors) (25) · 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) (50) · 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media) (62)

A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right) · B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction) · C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing) · D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) · E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts) · F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness) · Other · None

1 - 4 (21) · 4 - 20 (27) · 20 - 50 (22) · 50 - 140 (23) · 140 - 600 (24) · 600 - 200,000 (25)

; Academic Journals Advertisements Analysed response Articles Average individual income level Books Business models Case Study Case study Cases Company Copyright cases Copyright legal system Corporate and Industry Associations Website Countries Country Court Decisions Creators Cultural Heritage Institutions Cultural Institution Staff Cultural Institutions Digital heritage practitioners Documents Economic model Economic models Experts Fans Film Filmmakers Firms Focus group Implementation model Individual Individual Staff Individuals Instructors Internet Platforms Interview Interviews Journalists Journals Kickstarter projects Legislative review Librarians Libraries Marketing campaign Music Open Source Software Organisations Present value of additional compensation calculation Projects Provision Publication Publications Publishers Questionnaires Respondant Responses to Call for Evidence Responses to Calls for Evidence Responses to calls for evidence Rule-set Ruling Scenario Scholars Software Software Users Stakeholders Submissions Systems of fair use in copyright Takedown requests Total yearly sales of prerecorded music Treaty US District Court Cases University students Videos Wikipedia pages Workers Writers Yearly unemployment rate Years of iTunes selling digital songs and videos fair use systems in copyright judicial opinion publications per country per year user-generated music video parodies

; 1762-2007 1853 to 1996 1910 to 1960 1910-1936 1959-1982 1977-1978 1978-2011 1982-2003 1984 to 2013 1989-1994 1990 to 2011 1991-2002 1992-2014 1996 1997 to 2000 1998 2001 2001 to 2003 2002 2003 2003-2013 2004 - 2005 2004 to 2005 2005 to 2006 2006 2006-2010 2007 2007 - 2009 2007 to 2008 2007 to 2009 2008 2008 to 2009 2009 2009 to 2011 2009 to 2012 2010 2010-2013 2011 2011 September and October. 2011 to 2015 2011-12 2011-2012 2011-2014 2012 2012 - 2020 2012-2013 2013 2014 2014-2015 2015 2016 2021 5 December 2013 - 5 March 2014 August 2013 January - April 2014 Non stated Not Stated Not stated Not-stated October 2014 - September 2015 October 2017 The empirical dataset consists of 446 federal copyright publication opinions decided before 2011. Unknown Usage of the Universities learn-management-system in 2012. january 2008

Advertising (3) · Architectural (1) · Computer consultancy (5) · Computer programming (7) · Creative, arts and entertainment (49) · Cultural education (39) · Film and motion pictures (43) · Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities (28) · PR and communication (3) · Photographic activities (20) · Programming and broadcasting (8) · Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing (66) · Software publishing (27) · Sound recording and music publishing (46) · Specialised design (3) · Television programmes (23) · Translation and interpretation (4) · Video game publishing (2)