Browse data: Studies

; Adermon, A. Ahn, I. Al-Rafee, S. Allen, N. Arai, Y. BOP Consulting Bae, S. H. Banerjee, D. Banerjee, T. Banks, J. Bazelon, C. Beekhuyzen, J. Belleflamme, P. Bently, L. Bezmen, T. L. Bockstedt, J. Boldrin, M. Bryce, J. Buccafusco, C. Cameron, L. Campos, L. Castañer, X. Cave, M. Chen, Y-N. Choi, J. P. Corbett, S. Danaher, B. Dashti, A. E. De Wolf & Partners Deegan, M. Depken, C. A. Depoorter, B. Derclaye, E. Dhanasobhon, S. Dickson, M. DotEcon Favale, M. Fetscherin, M. Ford, G. S. Fromer, J. C. Frosio, G. F. Goodridge, P. Gordon, W. J. Graham, S. J. H. Haefliger, S. Handke, C. Harbaugh, R. Haskel, J. Heinink, L. Homberg, F. Humphreys, S. Hunt, R. Jang, J. Jolls, C. Jäger, P. Jütte, B.J. Katz, R. Kauffman, R. J. Khemka, R. Kinukawa, S. Kretschmer, M. Landes, W. Lee, H. K. Lemley, M. A. Levine, D. K. Liang, C. Y. Lichtman, D. Liebowitz, S. J. Loshin, J. Masur, J. S. Mendis, D. Mitra-Kahn, B. Mun, S. H. Mustonen, M. Nicholas, D. Nielsen, S. Noto La Diega, G. O'Dair, M. Oliar, D. Owen, R. Pascault, L. Peitz, M. Petherbridge, L. Pham, H. Png, I. P. Pollock, R. Priora, G. Raychaudhuri, A. Reeves, P. Riggins, F. J. Rowlands, I. Rutter, J. Schofield, B. L. Schwartz, D. L. Secchi, D. Shafir, Z. Siwek, S. E. Smith, M. D. Somaya, D. Sprigman, C. Sunstein, C. R. Takeyama, L. N. Teece, D. J. Telang, R. Thaler, R. H. Thomes, T. P. Towse, R. Troll Covey, D. Tschmuck, P. Urban, J. M. Vanneste, S. Varian, H. R. Von Hellens, L. Von Hippel, E. Von Krogh, G. Wang, S. Watt, R. Weatherall, K. Webster, E. Williams, P. Won, S. J. Yoon, K. Yuan, M. Y. Zentner, A. Zhu, J. J. H.

1982 (1) · 1986 (1) · 1994 (1) · 1998 (1) · 2000 (2) · 2002 (3) · 2003 (3) · 2004 (1) · 2005 (8) · 2006 (4) · 2007 (2) · 2008 (5) · 2009 (8) · 2010 (7) · 2011 (6) · 2012 (5) · 2013 (7) · 2014 (5) · 2015 (3) · 2019 (2) · 2020 (2)

; (Holm, 2000) (Knopper (2009) (Schultze & Mochalski 2009) Abernathy and Utterback (1978) Andersen and Frenz (2007) Arora (1995) Arrow (1987) Arundel (2001) BOP (2010) Bakos, Brynjolfsson and Lichtman (1999) Banerjee, Banerjee, and Raychaudhuri (2008) Banerjee, et al (2005) Banerjee (2003) Banks (2002) Banks and Humphreys (2008) Banks and Potts (2008) Barraclough (2011) Bebchuk (1984) Beebe (2004) Beebe (2006) Beekhuyzen and Von Hellens (2009) Belleflamme and Pietz (2012) Benford (1993) Benkler (2005) Berns and Frey (2005) Bertrand et al. (2004) Besen (1986) Besen and Kirby (1989) Bhattacharjee, Gopal, Lertwachara and Marsden (2006a) Bhattacharjee, Gopal, Lertwachara and Marsden (2006b) Bjork (2004) Blackburn (2004) Boldrin and Levine (1999) Boorstin (2004) Borghi and Karapapa (2013) Boulton et al. (2012) Bradshaw et al. (2010) Breyer (1970) Brodie (2007) Bromley (1999) Brown and Taylor (2012) Buccafusco (2007) Calabresi and Melamed (1972) Carroll (2004) Caves (2000) Chamberlin, Clayton and Farooqui (2007) Chen and Png (2003) Clemons et al (2002) Clerc (2002) Coates et al (2009) Cohen, Nelson and Wash (2000) Cohen and Burk (2001) Conner and Rumelt (1991) Corbett (2011) Cornish et al. (2010) Cronan and Al-Rafee (2008) D'Astous and Montpetit (2005) Danaher and Waldfogel (2008) De Beer and Bouchard (2010) De Dios Montoro Pons and Cuadrado Garcia (2008) Dee & Evans (2003) Demsetz (1967) Depken and Simmons (2004) Depreeuw (2013) Derclaye (2006) Dosi (1982) Drahos (1996) Edwards and von Winterfeldt (1986) Eisenberg (1995) Eisenberg (2004) Elberse (2010) Ellickson (1989) Ellickson (1991) Emre, Hortacsu, and Syverson (2005) Fauchart and Hippel (2006) Favale (2008) Fetscherin (2003) Fiesler and Bruckman (2014) Fiesler et al. (2015) Gasser (2005a) Gasser (2005b) Gayer and Shy (2006) Geiger, Frosio and Izyumenko (2020) Ginsburg (1995) Goodridge and Haskel (2011) Gopal and Sanders (1998) Gowers (2006) Harabi (1995) Harbaugh and Khemka (2001) Hargreaves (2011) Harris Interactive (2014) Hettinger (1989) Higgins, Wolfe and Marcum (2008) Hill (2007) Hirtle (2006) Hofstede (1991) House report (1976) Hovenkamp (2012) Hu (2006) Hugenholtz (2000) Hui and Png (2002) Husted (2000) IFPI (2014) Janis and Holbrook (2012) Jenkins (2013) Jiang and Sarkar (2003) Johnstone (1985) Kaplan (1967) Katyal (2001) Katz and Shapiro (1985) Kretschmer, Bently, Singh and Cooper (2011) Kretschmer (1999) Kretschmer and Hardwick (2007) Kretschmer and Pratt (2009) Krishna (1997) Kuhn (1970) Landes and Posner (1989) Landes and Posner (2003) Latham (2000) Leadbeater and Miller (2004) Legros (2005) Lemley (2004) Lerner and Tirole (2002) Lesk (2004) Lessig (1996) Liebowitz (1982) Liebowitz (1985) Liebowitz (2003) Liebowitz (2004) Liebowitz (2006a) Liebowitz (2006b) Liebowitz (2013) Liebowitz and Margolis (2005) Limayem et al. (2004) Luckerson (2012) Lund (2011) Lunney (2014) Lysonski and Durvasula (2008) Machlup (1958) Markillie (2012) Markovitz (1975) Marron and Steel (2000) Maxwell (2004) McGowan (2001) Menski (2006) Merges (1996) Michel (2004) Mulligan and Burstein (2002) Musgrave (1969) Musick (2004) Nard (2002) National Academy of Science (2000) None Cited Nordhaus (1969) Norman (1986) Novos and Waldman (1984) Novos and Waldman (1994) Novos and Wladman (1984) Oberholzer-Gee and Strumpf (2007) Oberholzer and Strumpf (2004) Ofcom Kantar survey Oliar and Sprigman (2008) Olson (1967) Parker and Scotchmer (2005) Peace et al. (2003) Peitz and Waelbroeck (2004) Peitz and Waelbroeck (2006) Pessach (2007) Peterson (1990) Petherbridge and Schwartz (2012) Pietz and Waelbroeck (2004) Pietz and Waelbroeck (2013) Png (2006) Pollock (2007) Posner (1977) Posner (1998) Posner (2000) Quintais (2020), Blythe (2020) Rainie and Madden (2004) Raustiala and Springman (2006) Reichmann and Okediji (2012) Resinger (2012) Richards (2002) Rob and Waldfogel (2004) Rob and Waldfogel (2006) Rob and Waldfogel (2007) Rodriguez (2006) Romer (1986) Samuelson (1994) Samuelson (2020) Shah and Tripsas (2007) Shang, Chen and Chen (2008) Shapiro and Varian (1999) Sinai and Waldfogel (2004) Sissons and Spencer (2012) Siwek (2002) Siwek (2004) Siwek (2007) Slater et al. (2005) Smith and Telang (2009) Sobel (2003) Stiles (2014) Stobo, Deazley and Anderson (2013) Sykes (1998) Takeyama (1994) Takeyama (1997) Tanner (2004) Teece (1981) Thompson (2013) Throsby 1994 Towse (1999) Towse (2001) Towse (2012) Tschmuck (2006) US Register of Copyrights (2006) Varian (2000) Vickery et al. (2005) Von Hippel (1988) Vuopala (2010) Waldfogel (2010) Waldfogel (2011) Walter and Von Lewinski (2010) Watt (2000) Watt (2010) Westkamp (2004) Willinsky (2006) Wotherspoon (2003) Yoon (2001) Zentner (2004) Zentner (2005) Zhang (2012)

; A10: General A12: Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines A13: Relation of Economics to Social Values A1: General Economics A21: Pre-college A32: Collective Volumes A33: Handbooks B21: Microeconomics B4: Economic Methodology C20: General C63: Computational Techniques • Simulation Modeling C88: Other Computer Software D02: Institutions: Design; Formation; and Operations D03: Behavioral Microeconomics • Underlying Principles D12: Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis D23: Organizational Behavior • Transaction Costs • Property Rights D42: Monopoly D43: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection D46: Value Theory D7: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making E03: Behavioral Macroeconomics E2: Consumption; Saving; Production; Investment; Labor Markets; and Informal Economy F63: Economic Development I23: Higher Education • Research Institutions J22: Time Allocation and Labor Supply K00: General K0: General K11: Property Law K1: Basic Areas of Law K2: Regulation and Business Law K39: Other K41: Litigation Process K42: Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law K4: Legal Procedure; the Legal System; and Illegal Behavior K: Law and Economics L0: General L10: General L11: Production; Pricing; and Market Structure • Size Distribution of Firms L12: Monopoly • Monopolization Strategies L13: Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets L15: Information and Product Quality • Standardization and Compatibility L17: Open Source Products and Markets L1: Market Structure; Firm Strategy; and Market Performance L22: Firm Organization and Market Structure L29: Other L2: Firm Objectives; Organization; and Behavior L31: Nonprofit Institutions • NGOs L33: Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions • Privatization • Contracting Out L5: Regulation and Industrial Policy L6: Industry Studies: Manufacturing L82: Entertainment • Media L86: Information and Internet Services • Computer Software L8: Industry Studies: Services L: Industrial Organization M1: Business Administration M2: Business Economics M3: Marketing and Advertising M48: Government Policy and Regulation N6: Manufacturing and Construction O14: Industrialization • Manufacturing and Service Industries • Choice of Technology O17: Formal and Informal Sectors • Shadow Economy • Institutional Arrangements O30: General O31: Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O32: Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O33: Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital O38: Government Policy O3: Technological Change • Research and Development • Intellectual Property Rights O57: Comparative Studies of Countries O: Economic Development; Technological Change; and Growth Z11: Economics of the Arts and Literature Z13: Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology • Social and Economic Stratification Z1: Cultural Economics • Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology

Primary and Secondary data (18) · Primary data (24) · Secondary data (33)

; All Japan Magazine and Book Publisher’s and Editor’s Association Amazon.com Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings Asia Pulse, 19 December 2000 Author's Licensing & Collecting Society BGLM BPI BPI Annual Yearbook 2013 BigChampagne British Film Institute Bundesverband der Phonographischen Wirtschaft Bureau of Labor Statistics Business Software Alliance Business models CISAC Annual Report 2008 CISAC Annual Report 2013 CJA CRS ComScore Compiled from 2003, 2002 and 2001 IIPA ‘Special 301’ Reports, People’s Republic of China (pp. 19, 32 and 26, respectively) Copyright Licensing Society Current Population Survey Economic theories Exhibitor Relations Co Existing academic literature FICIX Federal Communication Commission Federal Judicial Center Fraser Institute Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness IFPI IFPI (2011) Indian Music Industry (IMI) InfoUSA Infosoc Directive Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System International Federation of the Phonographic Industry 2000 International Planning and Research Corporation 2000 KaZaA Legislative review Library of Congress Literature review Lunney (2014) Mininova NIX NPD Group Netnod OFCOM Office for National Statistics PEW PRS for Music Piracy map compiled from IIPA 2001 ‘Special 301’ Report: Malaysia Publishers Association RIAA Recording Industry Association of America Research Insight Reuters Review of Existing Academic and Industries Literature Softletter Swedish Film Institute Tax Foundation Torrentfreak U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis U.S. Census Bureau UK Film Council United States Patent and Trademark Office World Bank's World Development Indicators World Governance Indicator Project World Income Inequality Database World Telecommunication/Information and Communication Technologies Indicators Yano Research Institute ‘2000 Global Software Piracy Report’, conducted by International Planning and Research Corporation (IPR) for the Business Software Alliance (BSA) and Software and Information Industry Association (SIIA).

Archival Research (2) · Case Study (38) · Document Research (6) · Ethnography (3) · Experimental (Natural) (2) · Longitudinal Study (2) · Participant Observation (1) · Qualitative Collection Methods (50) · Qualitative content/text mining (12) · Quantitative Collection Methods (32) · Quantitative data/text mining (31) · Semi-Structured Interview (13) · Snowball sampling (1) · Survey Research (qualitative; e.g. consumer preferences) (8) · Survey Research (quantitative; e.g. sales/income reporting) (10) · Unstructured Interview (5) · Web analytic (online user trace data) (2)

Cluster analysis (2) · Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (2) · Correlation and Association (9) · Descriptive statistics (counting; means reporting; cross-tabulation) (12) · Discourse Analysis (6) · Ethnographic/narrative analysis (3) · Legal Analysis (11) · Multivariate Statistics (2) · Qualitative Analysis Methods (34) · Qualitative Coding / Sorting (e.g. of interview data) (10) · Quantitative Analysis Methods (36) · Quantitative content analysis (e.g. text or data mining) (24) · Regression Analysis (8) · Social Network Analysis (1) · Structural Equation Modeling (3) · Textual Content Analysis (21)

Australia (5) · Austria (1) · Belgium (1) · Brazil (2) · Canada (5) · Chile (1) · China (4) · Colombia (1) · Denmark (1) · England (1) · European Union (14) · Finland (2) · France (3) · Germany (4) · Global (9) · Hungary (1) · India (3) · Ireland (1) · Italy (1) · Japan (5) · Kuwait (1) · New Zealand (1) · Norway (1) · South Korea (1) · Spain (1) · Sweden (1) · Switzerland (3) · The Netherlands (3) · United Kingdom (17) · United States (47) · Unknown (2) · Worldwide (1)

No (44) · Yes (33)

No (54) · Yes (23)

No (57) · Yes (19)

No (68) · Yes (8)

; * Random Sample of Feasibility: 1999 to 2001 * The Posner Memorial Collection 2001 to 2004 * The Million Book Project 2003 to 2005 1968-1972 1975 - 2007 1978-2000 1984 to 1999 1984 to 2006 1985-2005 1988 to 2008 1989 to 2005 1991 to 2007 1994-1997 1996-2005 1997 to 2000 1998-2002 1998-2009 2000 2000-2005 2000-2006 2002 to 2007 2003 2003-2007 2004 2004 to 2009 2004 to 2011 2004 to 2014 2005 2007 2007 to 2008 2007 to 2009 2007-2008 2008 2008 to 2014 2008-2013 2009 2009-2011 2011 2012 2013 2013-2014 2014 2015 2019 27 April 2020 June 2000 Non stated None stated Not stated Not stated. October 2017 Prior to 2007 Various

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (2) · British Phonographic Industry (1) · British Video Association (BVA) (1) · Bruce Miller (1) · Business Software Alliance (1) · Center for the Analysis of Property Rights and Innovation (CAPRI) (1) · City University of Hong Kong (1) · Entertainment & Leisure Software Publishers Association (1) · European Commission (1) · Federation Against Copyright Theft (1) · Hellen Posner (1) · Henry Posner jr. (1) · IPO (1) · Intellectual Property Office (3) · International Intellectual Property Alliance (1) · Million Book Project (1) · NSF (1) · NSF grants 9979852 and 0331659 (1) · National Research Council (NRC) Committee on the Impact of Copyright Policy on Innovation in the Digital Era (1) · National Science Foundation (2) · None (4) · Not Stated (1) · Not stated (4) · Olin and Bradley Foundations, Merck, Microsoft and Pfizer (1) · Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (1) · Organised Crime Task Force (1) · Robert William University Research Foundation (1) · SABIP (2) · The Finnish Academy (1) · The Patent Office (1) · The author gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the New Zealand Law Foundation for this research project. (1) · The second author has benefited from the visit to the Institute of Innovation Research of Hitotsubashi University, whose generous provision of research opportunity is gratefully acknowledged (1) · This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 23243042, 24730212. (1) · WIPO (1) · We 
thank 
the
 National
 Human 
Genome 
Research
 Initiative 
for 
a 
generous 
grant 
supporting 
this
 work (1) · Western New England College School of Law (1)

1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare (51) · 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)? (24) · 3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors) (12) · 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) (38) · 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media) (45)

A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right) · B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction) · C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing) · D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) · E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts) · F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness) · Other · None

1 - 2 (32) · 2 - 3 (14) · 3 - 7 (29) · 7 - 30 (20) · 30 - 400,000 (20)

; Academic article Books Business model Business models Case Studies Case Study Case study Collecting society financial data Company Copyright enforcement models Copyright enforcement systems Copyright systems Country Court Decisions Cultural Heritage Institutions DVD sales reports Digitised Book Collections Documents Economic indicators Economic model Economic models Enforcement of copyright models Files Focus Groups IP Professionals IP rights IXP traffic reports Implementation model Individual Individual data Individuals Industries Industry Legal regime Mini-case Models of copying Models of protection Movie Theatre ticket sales reports Movie downloads Movie official sales Museums Music sales data Music streaming services Observations Open Source Software Open and closed development models Organizations Piracy data Platforms Publications Research models Rule-set Ruling Scenario Socio-economic variables Software Users Survey source TV Episodes Texts Two types of costs associated with piracy User Websites Writers Years Years of sales data case study copyright enforcement models countries digital music sales reports economic models music sales reports years

; 1762-2007 1949-2009 1950-2000 1968-1972 1973 to 2003 1975 to 2007 1981 to 2001 1984 to 1999 1985 to 2005 1985 to 2009 1985-1999 1986-2005 1988 to 2005 1989 to 2005 1990 to 2011 1991 - to 2007 1994 to 2006 1994-1997 1997 to 2000 1998-2002 1998-2009 1999 1999-2001 1999-2005 2000 2000 to 2005 2001 2001-2004 2002 2002-2006 2003 2003-2005 2003-2007 2004 2004 to 2009 2004 to 2011 2004-2009 2005 2005 to 2009 2006 2007 2007 to 2008 2007 to 2009 2007-2008 2008 2008 to 2014 2008-013 2009 2009-2011 2012 2013 2014 2019 27 April 2020 Non stated None stated Not stated October 2017 Unknown

Computer consultancy (2) · Computer programming (6) · Creative, arts and entertainment (17) · Cultural education (4) · Film and motion pictures (20) · Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities (5) · Photographic activities (4) · Programming and broadcasting (4) · Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing (19) · Software publishing (21) · Sound recording and music publishing (30) · Specialised design (4) · Television programmes (7) · Translation and interpretation (1) · Video game publishing (1)