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Goodridge, P. (1) · Haskel, J. (1) · Mitra-Kahn, B. (1)

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(2008) · Shapiro (1968) · Shapiro and Varian (1999) · Shaver (2010) · Shaw, Li and Olson (2012) · Shaw and Olson (2014) · Sheehan and Tsao (2009) · Shen et al. (2010) · Sherman and Bently (1999) · Shieber & Suber (2016) · Shiller and Waldfogel (2009) · Shiller et al. (2018) · Shin, Gopal, Sanders and Whinston (2004) · Shin (2004) · Shin et al. 2004) · Shkabatur (2012) · Shoemaker and Vos (2009) · Shore et al (2001) · Shu et all (2009) · Shubhnandan and Nishant (2012) · Shy and Thisse (1999) · Sibley (2015) · Sibley (2019) · Siegfried (2004) · Siegfried and Ashley (2006) · Sigauke and Nengomasha (2011) · Silbey, Subotnik and DiCola (2019) · Silbey (2014b) · Silbey (2019b) · Silva and Ramello (2000) · Silverman et al. (2016) · Silverstone and Hirsch (1992) · Simmons (1999) · Simpson, Banerjee, and Simpson (1994) · Simpson, Banerjee and Simpson (1994) · Simpson & Piquero (2002) · Simpson and piquero (2002) · Simpson et al. (1994) · Sims, Cheng and Teegen (1996) · Sims (2011) · Sims et al. (1996) · Sinai and Waldfogel (2004) · Sinclair (1984) · Singh and Kretschmer (2012) · Sinha and Mandel (2008) · Sinha et al. (2010) · Sinnreich (2010) · Sinnreich (2019) · Siponen and Vartiainen (2004) · Siponen and Vartiainen 2004 · Sissons and Spencer (2012) · Sitonio and Nucciarelli (2018) · Sitts (2000) · Sivan et al. (2019) · Siwek, Stephen and Harold Furchgott-Roth (1991) · Siwek (2002) · Siwek (2004) · Siwek (2007) · Siwek (2013) · Skinner (2006) · Skinner and Fream (1997) · Slater et al. (2005) · Smit and Van Der Graaf (2012) · Smith, B and Lee, L (2017) · Smith, Telang, and Zhang (2012) · Smith (1998) · Smith (2001) · Smith (2005) · Smith (2015) · Smith and Telang (2009) · Smith and Telang (2010) · Smith and Telang (2012) · Smith and Telang (2022) · Smith et al. (2000) · Sobel (2003) · Soboleva (2003) · Sohn (2006) · Solomon and Bjork (2012) · Solove (2006) · Solove (2007) · Soloveichik (2013) · Soloveichik (2014) · Sowell (1992) · Spoor, Verkade and Visser (2019) · Spraos (1962) · Sprigman (2017) · Sprigman and Oliar (2008) · Sprigman and Raustiala (2006) · Srinivansan, Anderson and Ponnavolu (2002) · St Clair (2004) · Stanford University Libraries (2007) · Steenhaut and Van Kenhove (2006) · Steidlmeier (1993) · Stewart and Gosain (2006) · Stiglitz (1989) · Stiles (2014) · Stitzlein, Han and Benson (forthcoming) · Stobo, Deazley and Anderson (2013) · Stobo, Patterson, Erickson and Deazley (2018) · Stobo et al. (2017) · Stokey (1989) · Stoycheff (2016) · Strandbourg (2008) · Strategic Content Alliance (2009) · Stratton (2011) · Straubhaar (2007) · Stuntz (2000) · Suber (2003) · Suber (2008) · Suber (2015) · Subotnik (2011) · Subotnik (2016) · Sultan et al. (1990) · Sumartojo (2009) · Summers et al. (1995) · Sun and Zhu (2013) · Sundarajan (2004) · Sundarajan (2016) · Sundararajan (2004) · Svensson (2008) · Svensson and Larsson (2009) · Swan (2010) · Sweeney (2010) · Sweet (2010) · Swerdlow (2008) · Swinyard, Rinne and Kau (1990) · Sykes (1998) · Sykes and Matza (1957) · System and Network Engineering of the University of Amsterdam (2012) · Szymanski and Harbord (2004) · Tade and Akinleye (2012) · Tadelis and Zettelmeyer (2015) · Takeyama (1994) · Takeyama (1997) · Tan (2002) · Tan (2014) · Tan (2015) · Tanaka (2004) · Tanner (2004) · Tanner and Deegan (2002) · Taylor, Demont-Heinrich, Broadfoot, Dodge and Jian (2002) · Taylor, Ishida and Wallace (2009) · Taylor & Towse (1998) · Taylor (2002) · Taylor (2007) · Taylor (2009) · Taylor and Harper (2002) · Taylor and Shim (1993) · Taylor and Todd (1995b) · Taylor and Towse (1998) · Teece (1981) · Teece (1986) · Tehranian (2011) · Telang and Waldfogel (2014) · Tella and Oyeyemi (2017) · Tene and Polonetsky (2013) · Terranova (2002) · Terras (2015) · Terrel and Smith (1985) · Terviö (2009) · Thaler (1985) · The Berkman Center for Internet & Society and GartnerG2 (2003a) · The Berkman Center for Internet & Society and GartnerG2 (2003b) · The Writers’ Union of Canada, Quill and Quire (1998) · The Writers’ Union of Canada (2015) · Thomas, Harden and Newman (2012) · Thomas (1990) · Thomas and Szamosszegi (2011) · Thomes (2011) · Thompsen and Vivien (2000) · Thompson (1991) · Thompson (2005) · Thompson (2013) · Thong and Yap (1998) · Thorpe (2004) · Throsby, Zwar and Longden (2015) · Throsby (1982) · Throsby (1983) · Throsby (1992) · Throsby (1994) · Throsby 1994 · Throsby and Hollister (2003) · Throsby and Miller (1989) · Throsby and Mills (1989) · Throsby and Thompson (1994) · Throsby and Zednik (2010) · Tittle and Botchkovar (2005) · Todorova et al. (2014) · Todorova et al. (2017) · Toller (2011) · Tonglet (2002) · Tor and Oliar (2002) · Townley et al. (2018) · Towse, Handke, and Stepan (2008) · Towse, Handke and Stepan (2008) · Towse (1999) · Towse (2000) · Towse (2001) · Towse (2005) · Towse (2006) · Towse (2010) · Towse (2011) · Towse (2012) · Towse (2013) · Towse (2014) · Towse (2016) · Towse (2017) · Towse (2019) · Towse (2020) · Towse 1996 · Towse and Sun (2016) · Traphagan and Griffith (1998) · Trendacosta (2020) · Trevino (1986) · Troxler and Wolf (2017) · Tsai, Cranor, Egelman and Acquisti (2010) · Tsai (2012) · Tschang (2007) · Tschmuck (2006) · Tsiavos (2009) · Tumasjan and Beutel (2018) · Turner (1996) · Tushnet (2004) · Tushnet (2007) · Tworek and Buschow (2016) · Tyler (2006) · US Register of Copyrights (2006) · Ulllman (2017) · United States Copyright Office (1992) · United States Copyright Office (2015) · University of California Office of Communication, California Digital Library eScholarship Program, and Greenhouse Associates, Inc. (2007) · Urban, Karaganis and Schofield (2016) · Urban, Karaganis and Schofield (2017a) · Urban, Karaganis and Schofield (2017b) · Urban and Heins (2007) · Urban and Quilter (2006) · Urban et al. (1998) · Urban et al. (2017) · Vaidhyanathan (2001) · Van Eechoud (2017) · Van Eechoud and Guiabult (2016) · Van Eechoud et al. (2009) · Van Eechoud et al (2009) · Van Eijk, Poort and Rutten (2010) · Van Gompel (2007) · Van Gompel (2013) · Van Hoecke (2015) · Van der Ende et al. (2015) · Van der Ende et al (2014) · Varian (1999) · Varian (2000) · Varian (2004) · Varian (2005) · Velde (2015) · Vetulani-Cęgiel (2015) · Vetulani (2008) · Vickery (2011) · Vickery et al. (2005) · Vigmostad (2005) · Vigon (2015) · Vitell (2003) · Vogel (2001) · Vogel (2007) · Von Hippel (1988) · Von Hippel (2005) · Von Hippel and von Krogh (2003) · Von Krogh et al (2012) · Von Lohmann (2008) · Vuopala (2010) · WIPO (2003) · WIPO (2015) · Wade (1995) · Wagner and Sander (2001) · Wagner and Sanders (2001) · Waldfogel, 2011 · Waldfogel (2010) · Waldfogel (2011) · Waldfogel (2012) · Waldfogel (2014) · Waldfogel (2017a) · Waldfogel (2018) · Wall (2005) · Wallace (1999) · Wallace et al (1993) · Wallis et al. (1999) · Walls (1997) · Walls (2008) · Wallsten (2015) · Walter and Von Lewinski (2010) · Walter and von Lewinski (2010) · Walterscheid (2000) · Wang, Zhang, Zang and Ouyang (2005) · Wang et al. (2005a) · Wang et al. (2016) · Wasike (2014) · Wasko (2001) · Wasko and Faraj (2006) · Wassall and Alper (1984) · Wasserman and Richmond-Abbott (2005) · Waterman (2005) · Waterman et al., 2007 · Waters (2003) · Watson, Zizzo and Fleming (2015) · Watson, Zizzo and Fleming (2017) · Watson et al. (2015) · Watt (2000) · Watt (2004) · Watt (2006) · Watt (2010) · Weatherall, Webster and Bently (2009) · Weatherly (2016) · Weaver (2007) · Wee, Tan and Cheok (1995) · Wee (2011) · Wei (2008) · Weisband and Goodman (1992) · Welter (2012) · Werbin (2012) · Westbrook (2006) · Westkamp (2004) · White (1987) · White (2007) · White and Manton (2011) · Whitman, Townsend, Hendrickson and Rensvold (1998) · Widener (2010) · Wilkinson-Ryan and Baron (2009) · Wilkof (2007) · Williams, Hartman and Cavazotte (2010) · Willinsky (2006) · Willis (2015) · Winer (1986) · Winsbury (2006) · Winter, Stylianou and Giancalone (2004) · Wirth, von Pape and Karnowski (2008) · Wirtzburg (2017) · Wogalter and Silver (1995) · Wogalter et al. (2006) · Woodmansee (1992) · Woodmansee and Jaszi (1994) · World Bank (2008) · World Bank (2015a) · World Bank (2015b) · World Intellectual Property Organization (2015) · Wotherspoon (2003) · Wu (2005) · Wu (2008) · Wu et al (2007) · Wunsch-Vincent and Vickery (2007) · Xalabarder (2007) · Xalabarder (2012) · Xalabarder (2014) · Xu (2007) · Yang and Chyi (2011) · Yang and Lester (2005) · Yar (2008) · Yen (2000) · Yen (2003) · Yeung (2008) · Yin RK (2018) · Yoon (2001) · Yoon (2002) · Yoon (2007) · Yoon (2011) · Young (2014) · Yu (2001) · Yuvaraj and Giblin (2020) · Zagorsky (1990) · Zalabarder (2016) · Zamoon and Curley (2007) · Zavetoski (2002) · Zentner, 2006 · Zentner (2003) · Zentner (2004) · Zentner (2005) · Zentner (2006) · Zentner (2007) · Zentner (2009) · Zentner (2010) · Zetner (2006) · Zhang, Smith and McDowell (2009) · Zhang (2012) · Zhang and Zhu (2010) · Zhang et al. (2009) · Zhang et al (2017) · Zhao (2003) · Zhu (2007) · Zimmerman (2007) · Zimmerman (2011) · Zittrain (2006) · Zittrain (2008) · Zwar (2016) · Åkerlind (2012) · Other · None

A10: General (1) · Other (1)

Secondary data (1)

Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (1) · Author's Licensing & Collecting Society (1) · British Film Institute (1) · Copyright Licensing Society (1) · OFCOM (1) · PRS for Music (1) · Publishers Association (1) · UK Film Council (1)

Survey Research (quantitative; e.g. sales/income reporting) (1)

Descriptive statistics (counting; means reporting; cross-tabulation) (1)

United Kingdom (1)

No (1)

No (1)

No (1)

Yes (1)

2009 (1)

AHRC · AHRC Creative Industries Policy and Evidence Centre (grant: AH/S001298/1) · AHRC grant noAH/K001841 · ALCS · ARC Discovery Projects · ARC via projects LP160100387, FT170100011 and DE170100037 · Alfred P. Sloan Foundation · Amedeo Piolatto acknowledges financial support from IVIE, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grant ECO2009-12680), the Barcelona GS Research Network and the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant 2009 SGR 102). · Arts and Humanities Research Council · Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) · Auckland Council Libraries · Australia Council · Australia Council for the Arts · Australian Copyright Council · Australian Digital Alliance · Australian Digital Alliance (Pappalardo et al.) · Australian Government · Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship · Australian Research Council · Australian Research Council (DP140101479) · Australian Research Council (FT170100011) · Australian Research Council (LP160100387/FT170100011) · Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Automated Decision-Making and Society · Australian Research Council DECRA Fellowship · Australian Research Council DECRA Fellowship (project number DE160101542) · Australian Research Council projects LP160100387, FT170100011 and DE170100037 · Australian Research Council via projects LP160100387, FT170100011 and DE170100037 · Authors’ Licensing & Collecting Society (ALCS) · Ayudas para la Recualificación del Sistema Universitario Español en su Modalidad Margarita Salas · Batten Institute · Berkeley Center for Law & Technology and the Case Western Reserve University Active Learning Fellowship · Boston Consulting Group · Bowdoin College · Brisbane City Council Libraries · British Phonographic Industry · British Video Association (BVA) · Brittany Regional Council · Bruce Miller · Business Software Alliance · CAIW · CIPP · CREATe · CREATe, AHRC Grant Number AH/K000179/1 · CREATe, Grant Number AH/K000179/1 · Canadian Association of Research Libraries · Canadian Centinnial Scholarship Fund · Canadian Library Association · CentERLab · Centel Foundation/Robert P. Reuss Faculty Research Fund · Centennial scholarships · Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS) · Center for Empirical Studies of IP · Center for Empirical Studies of Intellectual Property at Chicago-Kent College of Law. · Center for Global Partnership · Center for Research in Government Policy and Business at the University of Rochester · Center for the Analysis of Property Rights and Innovation (CAPRI) · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) · Centre for Copyright and New Business Model in the Creative Economy (CREATe) · Chicago-Kent Center for Empirical Studies · City University of Hong Kong · Coke-Cola Center for Marketing Studies at the University of Georgia · Comissioned for and sponsored by the National Recording Preservation Board, Library of Congress · Commonwealth of Australia · Congressional Research Service · Consumer Focus · Copyright in an Age of Access: Alternatives to Copyright Enforcement - NWO TOP Grant #407-11-050 · Creative Content Australia · DELTA · Deloitte · Delta · Department of International Trade, Chungnam National University · Digital Citizenship Project at Illinois State University. · Digital Media Research Centre at the Queensland University of Technology · Directorate General Communication Networks, Content and Technology · Dutch Ministries of Education, Culture and Science, Economic Affairs and Justice. · EIFL · ESRC (Media Economics & Media Culture Programme) L 12625 101 1 · ESRC (UK) Grant No. RES–186–27–0012 · EU Commission · EU Commission’s Directorate General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology · EUIPO · Economic and Social Research Council · Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (grant RES-173-27-0220) · Entertainment & Leisure Software Publishers Association · European Commision · European Commission · European Grouping of Societies of Authors and Composers · European Parliament · European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs · European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 611988 · FCT – Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology project UID/GES/00407/2013. · Federation Against Copyright Theft · Flemish Agency for Innovation through Science and Technology · Ford Foundation · Fulbright Fellowship · Fulbright Senior Research grant · Fulbright grant program · Funded by the Ford Foundation, through a Future of Public Media grant to the Center for Social Media · Funded by the Rockefeller Foundation · GE Endowed Professor Fund · Gallup · George F. Baker Foundation · German Institute for Economic Research · Gold Coast Libraries · Golden Gate University School of Law · Google · Google Inc. · Government of Canada · Gregory Terrill Cox Fellowship · Groupement Européen des Sociétés d’Auteurs et Compositeurs · H2020 Research grant #710722 "OPENing UPnew methods, indicators and tools for peer review, dissemination of research results,and impact measurement" · H2020 reCreating Europe · HM Government · HM Treasury · Hadopi · Hampshire Library Service · Hellen Posner · Henry Posner jr. · Heritage Plus · Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Horizon 2020 Grant Agreement No. 870626 · House of Commons · I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee · ICT4D · IDRC · IGCC and UCSC Committee on Research · INet’s Grant for Copyright and Creativity · IPO · IdeaLab Research Group (The Complutense University of Madrid) · Industry Canada · Information and Operations Management Department, Mays Business School, Texas A & M University · Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada · Institute for Research in Marketing, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota. · Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation · Intellectual Property Institute · Intellectual Property Office · International Development Research Centre · International Intellectual Property Alliance · International Postgraduate Research · Israeli Internet Association · JISC · Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (#19KK0064) · Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) · John D. Evans Foundation · John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, Business at Harvard Law School · John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics at Stanford Law · John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation (2018) · KPN · Kauffman Foundation · Keio University (Keio Global Research Institute, Keio Research Institute at SFC, and Keio Gijuku Academic Development Fund) · Kenan Faculty Fund · LINK Centre · MIUR Research Grant on "The Governance of Intellectual Property" · Mack Center · Macquarie University · Marketing Science Institute (MSI, Grant No. 4-1228) · Max E. Greenberg Research Fund · Mellon Foundation · Meta Content Governance · Microsoft Research · Million Book Project · Mobile Society Research Institute · Monash University · Motion Picture Association of America · NASA, the OECD, the MIT Center for Coordination Science, the Center for eBusiness@MIT under a grant from Fleet Bank, and the Stanford Computer Industry Project · NBC Universal · NBER Economics of Digitization · NBER Innovation Policy Group and NET Institute · NBER Program on the Economics of Copyright and Digitization · NSF · NSF Award #121634 · NSF CAREER grant no. 1151180 · NSF grants 9979852 and 0331659 · NSF of the Bulgarian Ministry of Education, Youth and Science, Contract, DFNI-К01/0002-21.11.2012 · Nanyang Technological University: Research grant RCC1/2003/SHSS-M52109001 · National Audiovisual Institute (NINA) · National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) · National Museum Directors’ Council · National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 71401085) · National Research Council (NRC) Committee on the Impact of Copyright Policy on Innovation in the Digital Era · National Research Foundation of Korea (2016R1A2A1A05005270) · National Science Council of Taiwan, R.O.C. · National Science Council, Executive Yuan, Taiwan, under Grant Number NSC 93-2416-H-031-002 · National Science Council, Taiwan · National Science Foundation · National Science Foundation (NSF) through the CAREER Award CNS-0546009. · National Science Foundation (award #1216247) · National Science Foundation CAREER grant 1151180 · National Science Foundation EAGER · National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1324138 and 1322514. · National Science Fund of the Bulgarian Ministry of Education, Youth and Science, Contract No DFNI-К01/0002-21.11.2012 · National University of Singapore through the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 · National and State Libraries Australia · Naval Academy Research Council Grant · Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science · None · None Stated · None stated · Northeastern University Humanities Center (2017–2018) · Not Specified · Not Stated · Not stated · OHIM · Ofcom · Office of the United States Trade Representative · Olin and Bradley Foundations, Merck, Microsoft and Pfizer · Open Society Foundations · Open Society Institute · OpenDataMonitor Project · OpenForum Europe · Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development · Organised Crime Task Force · PAI P4/04, Belgian State, Prime Minister’s Office, Science Policy Programming · Pew Internet and American Life Project · Polish National Center for Culture (NCK) · Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (grant PD/BD/105903/2014) · Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology · Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation · Prepared at the request of Canadian Heritage/Canadian Government · Queen Elizabeth Scholar programme · RCUK · RCUK Funded Centre for Copyright and New Business Models in the Creative Economy (CREATe) · RCUK via the Centre for Copyright and New Business Models in the Creative Economy (CREATe), AHRC Grant Number AH/K000179/1 · RCUK/CREATe · Research Councils UK · Research Innovation Grant · Robert William University Research Foundation · Rotary International District 6540 · Royal Dutch Book Trade Association · Rutherford Discovery Fellowship · SABIP · SMG KRC Millward Brown · SOS Internet · SSHRC · SURF Cooperative (Grant #e-infra190075) · Shenkman Family Endowed Chair fund · Shuttleworth Foundation Cape Town · Sloan Foundation · Social Science Division and the Committee on Research at UC – Santa Cruz · South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant No 98405) · Spangenberg Center for Law, Technology and the Arts at Case Western Reserve University School of Law · Spangenberg Center for Law, Technology and the Arts at Case Western Reserve University · Spangenberg Center for Law, Technology and the Arts at Case Western Reserve University School of Law · St Mary’s County Library · Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research · Stanford's Second Year Graduate Research Program · Swansea University · Swiss National Science Foundation · TILEC · Telecommunication Advancement Foundation · The American Council on Consumer Interests · The Authors Guild · The Creators’ Rights Alliance · The Filomen D’Agostino · The Finnish Academy · The Intellectual Property Office · The Israel Science Foundation · The Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 1820/17) · The Knowledge Foundation · The Leverhulme Trust · The National Academies of the Sciences · The Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science · The Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market and the European Patent Office · The Office for Harmonization in the Internal market · The Patent Office · The Pew Charitable Trusts · The Sloan Foundation · The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for the doctoral fellowship and the Association of Colleges and Research Libraries for the Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship that covered the costs of data collection. · The Spanish Association of Publishers of Periodical Publications (Asociación Española de Editoriales de Publicaciones Periódicas) · The Swedish Knowledge Foundation · The Writers’ Union of Canada · The author gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the New Zealand Law Foundation for this research project. · The authors acknowledge the George Mason University’s Center for the Protection of Intellectual Property and its Leonardo da Vinci Research · The financial support for this project was given by the Leverholm Trust and the Herchel Smith Intellectual Property Research Fund, Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge · The second author has benefited from the visit to the Institute of Innovation Research of Hitotsubashi University, whose generous provision of research opportunity is gratefully acknowledged · The study was funded by the UK Authors’ Licensing & Collecting Society (ALCS) · This Report was prepared for APRA AMCOS, PPCA, Copyright Agency│Viscopy, Foxtel, News Corp Australia and Screenrights. · This research is an ESRC, AHRC and IPO funded research project in the form of a placement fellowship. The fellowship places the researcher (Dr. Searle) in the Economics, Research and Evidence Team at IPO offices in London. This work was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant number RES-173- 27-0219). It occurred in conjunction with the Scottish Funding Council funded Moving Targets project. · This research was funded by Grant Number ECO2008-0410/ECON of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and FEDER, and by the Centre for Research and Studies in Humanities of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. · This research was funded in part by a PSCCUNY grant #67792-00-36 and a Doctoral Student Research Grant from the CUNY Graduate Center. · This research was part of the multicountry research project 'Towards a Detente in Media Piracy' undertaken by the Association for Progressive Communications (ACP) and supported bu the Social Science Research Council (SSRC), New York · This work was partially supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence scheme, project number 262762, and through the research project MASHED, project number 249817 · This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 23243042, 24730212. · Toulouse Network on Information Technology · Towards a National Collection programme · Treibick Electronic Commerce Initiative · U.K. Economic and Social Research Council grant number ES/K008137/1 · UCLA School of Law · UGSC Division of Social Sciences · UK Economic and Social Research Council · UK Economic and Social Science Research Council (ESRC, ESRC-IAA Business Boost Award) · UK Music · UNC Arts and Humanities Research Grant · United Nations · United States Copyright Office · University of East Anglia · University of Georgia Law School · University of Houston Law Center’s Institute for Intellectual Property & Information Law’s 2012-2013 Sponsored Scholarship Grant for the Legal Academy · University of Minnesota · University of Queensland · University of Virginia Darden School of Business · Vancouver Public Library · Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City (Grant number C2017-20-41) · WHO · WIPO · We 
thank 
the
 National
 Human 
Genome 
Research
 Initiative 
for 
a 
generous 
grant 
supporting 
this
 work · Wellcome Trust · Western New England College School of Law · Wikipedia Free Knowledge Advocacy Group · World Intellectual Property Office · World Intellectual Property Organization · XS4ALL · Yarra Plenty Regional Library · Yarra Plenty Regional Library,Gold Coast Libraries · Ziggo · de Thuiskopie · openAir - African Innovation Research · reCreating Europe - Rethinking digital copyright law for a culturally diverse, accessible, creative Europe (870626) · the Australian Library and Information Association · the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) · the KU Leuven PF program financing · the Royal Dutch Book Trade Association · the Sloan Foundation · the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Canada · the state libraries of Western Australia South Australia and New South Wales · the state libraries of Western Australia, South Australia and New South Wales · ∗Support for this research by NBER’s Economics of Digitization and Copyright Initiative is gratefully acknowledged. · Other · None

1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare (1) · 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) (1)

D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) (1)

5 (1)

Industries (1)

2009 (1)

Creative, arts and entertainment (1) · Film and motion pictures (1) · Programming and broadcasting (1) · Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing (1) · Sound recording and music publishing (1) · Television programmes (1)