Browse data: Studies

; Aguiar, L. Ahn, I. Al-Rafee, S. Albinsson, S. Andersen, B. Anderson, I. Assane, D. Atterer, R. Attorney-General's Department Aufderheide, P. Australian Law Reform Commission Bae, S. H. Band, J. Banerjee, D. Banerjee, T. Banks, J. Barker, G. R. Bazelon, C. Bechtold, S. Beckles, T. Beebe, B. Bieze, K. Boyles, J. Brooks, T. Brune, R. Bryce, J. Buccafusco, C. Buxmann, P. Camerani, R. Cameron, L. Chambers, V. Charles River Associates Chavarro, D. Chen, P. C. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. C. Chiang, E. P. Chiou, J. S. Chiu, H. C. Choi, J. P. Clement, M. Colbert, F. Commission of the European Communities Cristina, A. S. Cronan, T. P. Cuadrado-García, M. Curley, S. D'Astous, A. Danaher, B. Deazley, R. Depoorter, B. DiCola, P. C. Dimita, G. Djekic, P. Dobusch, L. Dryden, J. Durvasula, S. EIFL Erickson, K. European Commission Fam, C. K. Fauchart, E. Favale, M. Fetscherin, M. Fitzgerald, B. Frenz, M. Fromer, J. C. George, B. George, C. A. Gerafi, J. Gibson, J. Goles, T. Grassano, N. Grolleau, G. Hansen, D. R. Hashimoto, K. Hazucha, B. Heald, P. J. Heins, M. Higgins, G. E. Hill, B. M. Hinduja, S. Hinze, G. Homberg, F. Hsieh, Y. C. Hsu, J. L. Huang, C. Y. Humphreys, S. IP Crime Group Ilevbare, F. M. Ingram, J. R. Jaszi, P. Jayatilaka, B. Johnscher, P. Johnson, P. Kantar Kelly, K. Khalid, A. M. Kheria, S. Kinnally, W. Koufteros, X. Kretschmer, M. Kwong, S. W. Lacayo, A. Lai, Y. J. Lange, R. Larose, R. Lastowka, G. Latonero, M. Le Guel, F. Lee, H. H. Lemley, M. A. Leung, T. C. Liebowitz, S.J. Liebowitz, S. J. Lin, A. K. Lippman, K. Liu, H. Loebbecke, C. Love, B. Lysonski, S. Madnick, S. E. Mandel, G. N. Mandel, N. Marcum, C. D. Margolis, S. E. Martens, B. Masur, J. S. Mateus, A. M. Max Planck Institute McCalman, P. McClung, S. R. Mendis, D. Merz, J. F. Michel, N. J. Montoro-Pons, J. D. Montpetit, D. Morton, N. A. Mustonen, M. Mzoughi, N. Nandi, T. K. Oestreicher-Singer, G. Ofcom Papies, D. Park, J. Parsons, L. Peha, J. M. Perzanowski, A. Petherbridge, L. Plouffe, C. R. Pohl, G. PricewaterhouseCoopers Public and Corporate Economic Consultants Puttitanun, T. Quack, S. Quiring, O. Raychaudhuri, A. Rochelandet, F. Rogers, E. Rutter, J. Sag, M. Samuelson, P. Sapolsky, B. Schwartz, D. L. Secchi, D. Shang, R. A. Shiue, C. W. Siegel, M. D. Sinha, R. K. Sinnreich, A. Siponen, M. Smith, M. D. Soloveichik, R. Steinmetz, K. F. Stobo, V. Strube, J. Sturm, J. E. Su, Y. L. Sundararajan, S. Sutan, A. Suzor, N. Tang, J. H. Tang, P. Taylor, D. The European Patent Office and the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market The Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market and the European Patent Office The Writers’ Union of Canada Throsby, D. Towse, R. Troll Covey, D. Tunnell, K. D. Tweeboom, N. M. G. United States Copyright Office Urban, J. M. Vanneste, S. Varian, H. R. Vartiainen, T. Vetulani, A. Von Hippel, E. Von Walter, B. Walker, R. Walls, W. D. Wang, M. C. Watabe, T. Wesselingh, E. M. Willoughby, K. W. Wolfe, S. E. Wu, Y. Yoon, K. Zamoon, S. Zentner, A. Zhu, H.

1970 · 1972 · 1982 · 1984 · 1985 · 1986 · 1988 · 1989 · 1993 · 1994 · 1995 · 1997 · 1998 · 1999 · 2000 · 2001 · 2002 · 2003 · 2004 · 2005 · 2006 · 2007 · 2008 · 2009 · 2010 · 2011 · 2012 · 2013 · 2014 · 2015 · 2016 · 2017 · 2018 · 2019 · 2020 · 2021 · 2022 · 2023 · Other · None

; (Holm, 2000) (Knopper (2009) ALCS 2007 Abers-Miller (1999) Access Copyright (2012) Ajzen (1985) Ajzen (1991) Ajzen (2002) Ajzen and Fishbien (1980) Akerlof et al. (2003) Akerlof et al (2002) Akers (1998) Al-Jabri and Abdul-Gader (1997) Allen (1983) Allen (2009) Alter and Meunier (2009) Andersen, Kozul-Wright and Kozul-Wright (2007) Andersen and Frenz (2007) Andersen and Frenz (2010) Ang, Cheng, Lim and Tambyah (2001) Anuar et al. (2012) Aryanto (2003) Astle and Muir (2002) Atkinson Roberts (2004) Aufderheide (2012) Aufderheide and Jaszi (2011) August (2008) BSA (2010) Bakos, Brynjolfsson and Lichtman (1999) Ballon and Westermann (2006) Band (2013) Band and Gerafi (2013) Banerjee, Cronan and Jones (1998) Banerjee (1992) Banerjee (2003) Banks (2002) Banks and Humphreys (2008) Banks and Potts (2008) Barraclough (2011) Battacharjee, Gopal, and Sanders (2003) Baumann and Hummel (2003) Beebe (2004) Beebe (2008) Begg, Fischer and Dornbusch (1994) Beisner (2010) Belleflamme and Peitz (2010) Benkler (2013) Bernstein (1992) Besek (2004) Besen and Kirby (1989) Bhatia, Gay, and Honey (2003) Bhattacharjee, Gopal, Lertwachara and Marsden (2006b) Bhattacharjee, Gopal and Sanders (2003) Bishop (2004) Blackburn (2004) Bloom (2005) Boccafusco and Heald (2013) Boccafusco and Sprigman (2011) Boldrin and Levine (2008) Bollen et al. (2005) Bowker (1988) Boyle (2008) Bradshaw et al. (2010) Bridgman (2008) Brown and Taylor (2012) Buhse (2002) Byers et al. (2003) Büthe and Mattli (2011) Cadsby and Maynes (2005) Cane (2002) Cap Gemini (2004) Carlson (2003) Carroll (2004) Chen et al. (2002) Cheng, Sims, Teegen (1997) Cheng, Sims and Teegen (1997) Chiang and Assane (2002) Chih-Chen (2005) Chiou, Cheng and Huang (2011) Chiou, Huang and Lee (2005) Chiou et al. (2005) Christensen and Eining (1991) Clair et al (1999) Collins and Reiter (2006) Condry (2004) Cook (2014) Cooks and Hardin (2001) Coombe (2003) Cooper and Harrison (2001) Copyright Law Review Committee (2000) Corbett (2011) Cordell et al., 1996 Cornish et al. (2010) Cotropia and Gibson (2014) Craig and Moore (2011) Crowston et al. (2012) Cummings (2013) Curado and Bontis (2006) D'Astous, Colbert and Montpetit (2005) Danaher, Smith, Telang and Chen (2012) Davidson (2012) De Beer and Bouchard (2010) Deazley (2004) Deazley (2010) Di Orio (2002) Dicola (2013) Dolfsma (2011) Dryden (2008) Dwyer et all (2002) Easley, Michel and Devaraj (2003) Economics and Statistics Administration (2012) Edison Media Research (2002) Einav (2002) Eisenberg (2004) Elberse (2010) Elberse and Eliashberg (2003) Eliashberg et al. (2006) Emre, Hortacsu, and Syverson (2005) Espinel (2010) European Union (2015) Fagundes (2012) Fetscherin (2003) Fetscherin (2005) Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) Fishbein and Ajzen (1980) Fisher (2004) Fraumeni et al. (2008) Friedman (1992) Froschauer (2008) Fry (2005) Garner (2005) Gayer and Shy (2004) Geist (2006) Gergen et all (1973) Giles, 2000 Ginarte and Park (1997) Ginsburg (1995) Givon, Mahajan and Muller (1995) Glass and Wood (1996) Gopal, Bhattacharjee and Sanders (2006) Gopal, Sanders, Bhattacharjee, Agrawal and Wagner (2004) Gopal and Sanders (1997) Gopal and Sanders (2000) Gopal et al. (2004) Gopal et al (2004) Gottlieb (2011) Gowers (2006) Graz and Nölke (2008) Greco (2005) HEDS (2002) Hammond (2012) Handke (2011) Hansen (2012) Harbaugh and Khemka (2001) Hargreaves (2011) Hargreaves (2012) Harrington (1996) Harvey (1987) Haug and Weber (2004) Heald (2008a) Helpman (1993) Hesmondhalgh (2007) Higgins, Fell, and Wilson (2006) Hinduja (2001) Hinduja (2003) Hinduja (2006) Hinduja and Ingram (2009) Hobson and Seabrooke (2009) Holm (2003) Holt and Copes (2010) Hong 2004 Hoorn (2006) Hovenkamp (2012) Howkins (2001) Hui (2003) Hui and Png (2002) Hui and Png (2003) Hunt and Vitell (1986) Husted (2000) IFFRO (2007) IPO (2015) IViR and Data Center (2012) Janis and Holbrook (2012) Jedidi, Krider and Weinberg (1998) Johnstone (1985) Jones (2000) Jones and Kavanagh (1996) Jupiter Research (2002) Kaimenakis (2007) Karjala (1998) Katz and Shapiro (1985) Kettler and Towse (2002) Kitch (2000) Kreie and Cronan (1998) Kretschemer et al. (1999) Kretschmer (2011) Kuo and Hsu (2001) Kwok et al. (2002) Kwong, Oliver, Jenny, Leo, and Alan (2003) Kwong, Yau, Lee, Sin and Tse (2003) Kwong and Lee (2002) Kwong et al., 2003 LaRose, Mastro and Eastin (2001) LaRose and Eastin (2004) Landes and Posner (1989) Landes and Posner (2001) Landes and Posner (2003) Larose and Kim (2007) Leadbeater and Miller (2004) Lemley (2004) Lending and Slaughter (1999) Lerner and Tirole (2002) Lesk (2004) Lessig (1998) Liebowitz (1985) Liebowitz (2003) Liebowitz (2004) Liebowitz (2005) Liebowitz (2006a) Liebowitz (2006b) Liebowitz (2007) Liebowitz (2008) Liebowitz (2010) Liebowitz (2014) Liebowitz and Margolis (2004) Light (2005) Limayem et al. (1999) Lin (2005) Lindenbaum (1995) Lippman (2013) Lund (2011) Lysonski and Gaidis (1991) Madison (2004) Mandel (2006) Mandel (2010) Manski (2000) Markillie (2012) Markus and Penubarti (1995) Marron and Steel (2000) Maskus (2000) Maxwell (2004) May and Sell (2006) McCarthy (2013) McCutcheon et al., 2002 McLeod (2005) Merges (2011) Miceli and Adelstein (2006) Michel (2005) Mohler (2000) Moreau, Lehmann and Markman (2001) Musick (2004) Naghavi and Schulze (2001) Nard (2002) National Academy of Science (2000) Newman (2008) Nimmer (2013) Nissenbaum (1995) None None Cited Novos and Waldman (1984) Oberholzer-Gee and Strumpf (2007) Oberholzer- Gee and Strumpf (2010) Ofcom (2011) Ogbu (2003) Oheler (2004) Oliver (1997) Osterberg and Osterberg (2012) Papacharissi and Rubin (2000) Parker and Scotchmer (2005) Party (2009) Peitz and Waelbroeck (2004) Peitz and Waelbroeck (2006) Perlmutter (1991-1992) Petherbridge and Schwartz (2012) Png and Chen (1999) Poddar (2003) Pollock (2007) Prendergast and Phau (2002) Professional Writers Association of Canada (2006) Putnam (1994) Rappaport (1998) Ratchford, Talukdar and Lee (2001) Raustiala and Sprigman (2011) Raustiala and Sprigman (2013) Ricketson (2000) Rob and Waldfogel (2004) Rob and Waldfogel (2006) Robbins and Moylan (2007) Rochelandet (2005) Rochelandet and Le Guel (2005) Rogers, Tomalin and Corrigan (2009) Rogers (2001) Rosamond (2002) Rose (1993) Rosenblatt (2011) Rossi, Allenby and McCulloch (2005) Roth (2004) Ryan (1998) Samuelson (1999) Samuelson and Wheatland (2009) Schiller (1995) Schoder and Fischbach (2003) Seale et al. (1998) Shang, Chen and Chen (2008) Shin, Gopal, Sanders and Whinston (2004) Shin et al. 2004) Simpson, Banerjee, and Simpson (1994) Sinai and Waldfogel (2004) Singh and Kretschmer (2012) Slater et al. (2005) Smith (1998) Smith (2005) Soboleva (2003) Soloveichik (2013) Soloveichik (2014) Srinivansan, Anderson and Ponnavolu (2002) Stiglitz (1989) Stobo, Deazley and Anderson (2013) Strandbourg (2008) Stratton (2011) Sundarajan (2004) Sundararajan (2004) Sykes and Matza (1957) System and Network Engineering of the University of Amsterdam (2012) Takeyama (1994) Tanner (2004) Taylor, Demont-Heinrich, Broadfoot, Dodge and Jian (2002) Taylor (2002) Taylor and Shim (1993) Taylor and Todd (1995b) Terranova (2002) Thong and Yap (1998) Thorpe (2004) Throsby and Hollister (2003) Towse (2000) Towse (2011) Towse (2012) Tushnet (2004) US Register of Copyrights (2006) United States Copyright Office (1992) United States Copyright Office (2015) Van Gompel (2007) Varian (2004) Varian (2005) Vickery et al. (2005) Vitell (2003) Vuopala (2010) Wagner and Sanders (2001) Waldfogel (2010) Waldfogel (2011) Wallace (1999) Wang, Zhang, Zang and Ouyang (2005) Wasserman and Richmond-Abbott (2005) Watt (2000) Watt (2004) Wee, Tan and Cheok (1995) Weisband and Goodman (1992) White (2007) Winsbury (2006) Yoon (2001) Yoon (2007) Zamoon and Curley (2007) Zentner (2003) Zentner (2004) Zentner (2005) Zentner (2006) Zittrain (2008)

; A10: General A11: Role of Economics • Role of Economists • Market for Economists A12: Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines A13: Relation of Economics to Social Values A14: Sociology of Economics A1: General Economics A21: Pre-college A22: Undergraduate A: General Economics and Teaching B4: Economic Methodology C01: Econometrics C12: Hypothesis Testing: General C1: Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General C53: Forecasting and Prediction Methods • Simulation Methods C5: Econometric Modeling C80: General C83: Survey Methods • Sampling Methods C8: Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology • Computer Programs D01: Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles D02: Institutions: Design; Formation; and Operations D03: Behavioral Microeconomics • Underlying Principles D11: Consumer Economics: Theory D12: Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis D1: Household Behavior and Family Economics D23: Organizational Behavior • Transaction Costs • Property Rights D2: Production and Organizations D42: Monopoly D43: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection D4: Market Structure and Pricing D51: Exchange and Production Economies D7: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making D86: Economics of Contract: Theory D8: Information; Knowledge; and Uncertainty D: Microeconomics E2: Consumption; Saving; Production; Investment; Labor Markets; and Informal Economy F13: Trade Policy • International Trade Organizations F23: Multinational Firms • International Business F60: General G18: Government Policy and Regulation G38: Government Policy and Regulation J16: Economics of Gender • Non-labor Discrimination J40: General K00: General K11: Property Law K14: Criminal Law K1: Basic Areas of Law K2: Regulation and Business Law K39: Other K40: General K41: Litigation Process K42: Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law K4: Legal Procedure; the Legal System; and Illegal Behavior K: Law and Economics L11: Production; Pricing; and Market Structure • Size Distribution of Firms L12: Monopoly • Monopolization Strategies L13: Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets L14: Transactional Relationships • Contracts and Reputation • Networks L15: Information and Product Quality • Standardization and Compatibility L1: Market Structure; Firm Strategy; and Market Performance L24: Contracting Out • Joint Ventures • Technology Licensing L2: Firm Objectives; Organization; and Behavior L31: Nonprofit Institutions • NGOs L42: Vertical Restraints • Resale Price Maintenance • Quantity Discounts L5: Regulation and Industrial Policy L6: Industry Studies: Manufacturing L81: Retail and Wholesale Trade • e-Commerce L82: Entertainment • Media L86: Information and Internet Services • Computer Software L8: Industry Studies: Services L: Industrial Organization M2: Business Economics M31: Marketing M52: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M5: Personnel Economics N6: Manufacturing and Construction O14: Industrialization • Manufacturing and Service Industries • Choice of Technology O1: Economic Development O30: General O31: Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O32: Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O33: Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital O38: Government Policy O3: Technological Change • Research and Development • Intellectual Property Rights O57: Comparative Studies of Countries O: Economic Development; Technological Change; and Growth P14: Property Rights P46: Consumer Economics • Health • Education and Training • Welfare; Income; Wealth; and Poverty P52: Comparative Studies of Particular Economies Z11: Economics of the Arts and Literature Z13: Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology • Social and Economic Stratification Z18: Public Policy Z1: Cultural Economics • Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology

Primary and Secondary data (24) · Primary data (71) · Secondary data (38)

; 3 Major Film Studios ALCS survey 2007 ALCS survey 2015 Amazon Arbitron Australia Bureau of Statistics Australian Economic Indicators (2008) BPI Annual Yearbook 2013 Billboard-Blogs Books in Print Business Software Alliance Business models CISAC Annual Report 2008 CISAC Annual Report 2013 CitiGroup Collecting societies Consumer Expenditure Survey Current Population Survey Decima Research survey commissioned by Industry Canada Digital Citizen Project Digital Music Times ECJ Economic theories Eurostat Exhibitor Relations Co Existing academic literature Federal Communication Commission Freedom House Gale Directory of Databases Google AdWords Heritage Foundation Hofstede (1984) IFPI IMDB IMDb Indian Music Industry (IMI) InfoUSA Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System International Intellectual Property Alliance (2004) Special 301 Report on Global Copyright Protection and enforcement International Telecommunication Union Internet Center for Corruption Research Interpedia KaZaA Legislative review LexisNexis Lippman (2013) Literature review Nielsen Clickstream Data Nielsen Media Research Nielsen SoundScan Nupedia OECD Reports ORBIS PRS for Music Publishers Weekly Publishersweekly Quora RIAA Recording Industry Association of America website Review of Existing Academic and Industries Literature Sony Swedish Performing Right Society (STIM) Annual Reports The Los Angeles Times The New York Times The United States Supreme Court Judicial Database The Wall Street Journal The Washington Post Thomson One Banker Database U.S. Census Bureau UK IPO UNDP World Income Inequality Database UNESCO Statistical Yearbook USA Today USPTO US Federal Court Decisions United States Patent and Trademark Office website Vivendi WIPO (2008) WTO Wayback Machine Wired Magazine World Bank World Development Indicators CD-ROM World Economic Outlook, IMF

Archival Research · Case Study · Document Research · Ethnography · Experimental (Field) · Experimental (Laboratory) · Experimental (Natural) · Focus Groups · Historical Methods · Life History · Longitudinal Study · Participant Observation · Qualitative Collection Methods · Qualitative content/text mining · Quantitative Collection Methods · Quantitative data/text mining · Semi-Structured Interview · Snowball sampling · Structured Interview · Survey Research (qualitative; e.g. consumer preferences) · Survey Research (quantitative; e.g. sales/income reporting) · Unstructured Interview · Web analytic (online user trace data) · Other · None

Cluster analysis (5) · Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (5) · Correlation and Association (26) · Descriptive statistics (counting; means reporting; cross-tabulation) (46) · Discourse Analysis (5) · Ethnographic/narrative analysis (3) · Factor Analysis (4) · Grounded Theory (4) · Legal Analysis (20) · Multivariate Statistics (19) · Qualitative Analysis Methods (42) · Qualitative Coding / Sorting (e.g. of interview data) (16) · Quantitative Analysis Methods (61) · Quantitative content analysis (e.g. text or data mining) (25) · Regression Analysis (37) · Social Network Analysis (1) · Structural Equation Modeling (14) · Textual Content Analysis (25) · Visual / Other Content Analysis (1)

Australia (10) · Austria (1) · Belgium (1) · Canada (13) · China (2) · Czech Republic (1) · Denmark (3) · European Union (16) · Finland (3) · France (7) · Germany (7) · Global (10) · Hungary (3) · Iceland (1) · India (6) · Ireland (2) · Italy (1) · Japan (4) · Korea (1) · Mexico (2) · Multiple (1) · New Zealand (2) · Nigeria (1) · Norway (1) · Philippines (1) · South Africa (1) · South Korea (1) · Spain (2) · Sweden (2) · Taiwan (8) · The Netherlands (2) · Turkey (1) · United Kingdom (20) · United States (65) · Unknown (3)

No (96) · Yes (37)

No (102) · Yes (31)

No (118) · Yes (8)

No (107) · Yes (19)

; * Random Sample of Feasibility: 1999 to 2001 * The Posner Memorial Collection 2001 to 2004 * The Million Book Project 2003 to 2005 1667 1890 - 1964 1895 - 1940 1929-2010 1975–2000 1978 to 2005 1980 - 2009 1984 1984 - 2013 1988 to 2008 1989 to 2008 1989-2004 1991 to 2007 1994-1999 1996-1998 1996-2005 1996-2006 1997 - 1999 1997-1998 1998 to 2012 1998-2002 1998-2003 1998-2004 2 April 1923 - 14 September 2011 2000,2005, and 2013 2000-2005 2000-2012 2001 to 2003 2002 - 2004 2002 to 2007 2003 2003 - 2004 2003-2012 2004 2004 to 2011 2004-2005 2004-2006 2005 2005 to 2006 2005-2008 2006 2006 fall 2007 2007-2008 2007-2012 2008 2008-2013 2010-2011 2010-2013 2011 2011 September and October. 2011-2013 2012 2012 to 2013 2012-2013 2013 30 April 2013 - 10 May 2013 April 2006 April 2007 December 2003-January 2004 From 2 April 2013 to 29 April 2013 July 2006 and 2010 Mid-1980s Non stated Non-stated None stated Not Stated Not stated November 2011 – May 2012 November to December 2006 October 3-8, 2012 Prior to 2005 Sep 2003 to Jan 2004 September 2012 - August 2013 September to December 2012 The data cover the period May-October 2012, mainly by combining two waves of data: May-July and August-October 2012.

; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Arts and Humanities Research Council Australian Copyright Council Australian Government Authors’ Licensing & Collecting Society (ALCS) British Phonographic Industry British Video Association (BVA) Bruce Miller Business Software Alliance Center for the Analysis of Property Rights and Innovation (CAPRI) Coke-Cola Center for Marketing Studies at the University of Georgia Comissioned for and sponsored by the National Recording Preservation Board, Library of Congress Commonwealth of Australia Directorate General Communication Networks, Content and Technology EIFL Entertainment & Leisure Software Publishers Association European Commission Federation Against Copyright Theft Hellen Posner Henry Posner jr. IPO Industry Canada Information and Operations Management Department, Mays Business School, Texas A & M University Institute for Research in Marketing, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation Intellectual Property Office Marketing Science Institute (MSI, Grant No. 4-1228) Mellon Foundation Million Book Project NSF grants 9979852 and 0331659 National Research Council (NRC) Committee on the Impact of Copyright Policy on Innovation in the Digital Era National Science Council of Taiwan, R.O.C. National Science Council, Executive Yuan, Taiwan, under Grant Number NSC 93-2416-H-031-002 National Science Council, Taiwan National Science Foundation National Science Foundation EAGER None None stated Not Stated Not stated Ofcom Organised Crime Task Force Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation RCUK Funded Centre for Copyright and New Business Models in the Creative Economy (CREATe) Social Science Division and the Committee on Research at UC – Santa Cruz The Finnish Academy The Intellectual Property Office The Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market and the European Patent Office The Patent Office The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for the doctoral fellowship and the Association of Colleges and Research Libraries for the Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship that covered the costs of data collection. The second author has benefited from the visit to the Institute of Innovation Research of Hitotsubashi University, whose generous provision of research opportunity is gratefully acknowledged United States Copyright Office University of Minnesota WHO World Intellectual Property Office

1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare (61) · 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)? (25) · 3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors) (12) · 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) (35) · 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media) (83)

A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right) (27) · B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction) (20) · C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing) (18) · D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) (45) · E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts) (15) · F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness) (76)

1 - 4 (19) · 4 - 30 (27) · 30 - 120 (29) · 120 - 300 (23) · 300 - 2,000 (28) · 2,000 - 30,000,000 (26)

; Artists Australian copyright industries Authorities Books Business model Business models Case Study Case study Cases Chefs City Collecting societies Collecting society financial data College students Company Competition agencies Copyright enforcement systems Country Court Decisions Court cases Cultural Heritage Institutions Digitised Book Collections Economic models Federal Judgement Opinions Film Firm Firms Focus Groups Focus group Focus of the study is the domestic market for recorded music in the USA. High school students Hour IP rights IPR-intensive industries Individual Individual Responses Individual data Individual semistructured interviews Industry Journalists Legal regime Model for orphan works Models for database creation Motion Picture Markets Movie downloads Movie official sales Museums Music Music sales data Musical compositions Newspaper Articles Open and closed development models Organisations P2P communication events Pages of text from archival research Piracy data Provision Publication Publications Reports Scenario Software Sound recordings Stakeholders Students Submissions Threads Two types of costs associated with piracy Types of goods University students Workers case study copyright enforcement models ebooks user-generated music video parodies years

; 1667 1890 and 1964 1913-32 1949-2009 1973 to 2003 1975 to 2000 1978 to 2005 1980 - 2009 1984 1984 to 2013 1986-2005 1988 to 2005 1989-2004 1989-2008 1991 - to 2007 1994-1999 1996 1996-2007 1997-1998 1998 1998 - 2003 1998 to 2013 1998-2002 1998-2003 1998-2004 1999-2001 1999-2005 2000 2000 to 2005 2000-2012 2001 to 2003 2001-2004 2003 2003-2004 2003-2005 2003-2012 2004 2004 to 2011 2004-2005 2005 2005 to 2006 2005-2008 2006 2007 2007-2008 2007-2012 2008 2008-013 2010 2010-2011 2010-2013 2011 2011 September and October. 2011-2013 2012 2012 to 2013 2012-2013 2013 2014 April 2006 April 2007 Mid-1980s Non stated Non-stated None None stated Not Stated Not stated November 2011 – May 2012 November to December 2006 Prior to 2005 not stated

Architectural (2) · Computer consultancy (3) · Computer programming (4) · Creative, arts and entertainment (24) · Cultural education (7) · Film and motion pictures (35) · Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities (9) · Photographic activities (6) · Programming and broadcasting (4) · Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing (35) · Software publishing (36) · Sound recording and music publishing (65) · Specialised design (4) · Television programmes (14) · Video game publishing (2)