Walls (2008)

Source Details

Walls (2008)
Title:	Cross-country analysis of movie piracy
Author(s):	Walls, W. D.
Year:	2008
Citation:	WALLS, W. D. 2008. Cross-country analysis of movie piracy. Applied Economics, 40, 625-632.
Link(s):	Definitive , Open Access,Open Access,Open Access
Key Related Studies:	Png and Chen (1999) Byers et al. (2003) Limayem et al. (1999) Shin et al. 2004) Poddar (2003)
Discipline:	K42: Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law O33: Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
Linked by:	Watson, Zizzo and Fleming (2015)

About the Data
Data Description:	Data on Movie piracy rate, collectivism, income on 26 Countries
Data Type:	Secondary data
Secondary Data Sources:	World Bank International Intellectual Property Alliance (2004) Special 301 Report on Global Copyright Protection and enforcement Hofstede (1984)
Data Collection Methods:	Qualitative Collection Methods
Data Analysis Methods:	Quantitative Analysis Methods Regression Analysis Qualitative Analysis Methods
Industry(ies):	Film and motion pictures
Country(ies):	Global
Cross Country Study?:	Yes
Comparative Study?:	No
Literature review?:	No
Government or policy study?:	No
Time Period(s) of Collection:	1984 2004
Funder(s):

Abstract

We examine the rate of motion-picture piracy across a sample of 26 diverse countries. The level of piracy is explained empirically by the level of income, the cost of enforcing property rights, the level of collectivism present in a country’s social institution and the level of internet usage. The results of a cross-country regression analysis indicate that piracy is increasing in the level of social coordination and the cost of enforcing property rights, unrelated to income and decreasing in internet usage.

Main Results of the Study

• Piracy is increasing in the level of social coordination and cost of enforcing property rights

• Piracy is unrelated to income

• Piracy is decreasing with internet usage

Policy Implications as Stated By Author

As further research scope, the Author states that collection of longitudinal data appears to be feasible and the use of such data would permit the estimation of country-specific effects directly. Such empirical research, tempered with a knowledge of market institutions, would allow to enhance understanding of pirate movie markets and perhaps lead to suggest specific actions for the industry and sensible policy options for governments.

Coverage of Study

Coverage of Fundamental Issues

Issue	Included within Study
Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare
Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)?
Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors)
Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption)
Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)

Coverage of Evidence Based Policies

Issue	Included within Study
Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right)
Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction)
Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing)
Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability)
Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts)
Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Datasets

Sample size:	26
Level of aggregation:	Company
Period of material under study:	1984, 2004