Handke (2011)

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Advertising Architectural Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing Programming and broadcasting Computer programming Computer consultancy Creative, arts and entertainment Cultural education Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities

Film and motion pictures Sound recording and music publishing Photographic activities PR and communication Software publishing Video game publishing Specialised design Television programmes Translation and interpretation

1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)? 3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors) 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)

A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right) B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction) C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing) D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts) F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Source Details

Handke (2011)
Title: Economic Effects of Copyright: The Empirical Evidence So Far
Author(s): Handke
Year: 2011
Citation: Handke, C. (2011). Economic Effects of Copyright: The Empirical Evidence So Far. Commissioned paper prepared for:

The Committee on the Impact of Copyright Policy on Innovation in the Digital Era

Link(s): Open Access
Key Related Studies:
Discipline:
Linked by: Erickson, Kretschmer and Mendis (2013), Reimers (2019)
About the Data
Data Description:
Data Type:
Secondary Data Sources:
Data Collection Methods:
Data Analysis Methods:
Industry(ies):
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Cross Country Study?: No
Comparative Study?: No
Literature review?:
Government or policy study?:
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Abstract

This is a survey of the empirical, economic literature on copyright and unauthorized copying, conducted on behalf ofthe National Academies of the Sciences. The purpose is to identify areas for further research that could inform copyright policy. Copyright defines the rough equivalent to property in many literary, scientific and artistic creations. The copyright system is a central component ofthe creative industries, including suppliers of computer software, movies, books, newspapers and magazines or recorded music among others. Copyright is also a major influence on the formation of so-called ‘digital’ markets for information goods and services, affecting much ofthe IT sector. Even though copyright has been part of US federal law for over 200 years and similar arrangements existed even longer in major European countries there is relatively little systematic, empirical evidence on the economic effects of copyright. If anything, that should make the studies reviewed here more valuable. The structure ofthis report derives from the following basic economic analysis

Main Results of the Study

- The effect of file sharing on the copyright industries are varied depending on industry. There is some evidence that it has decreased revenues in the music industry while other industries like film or software seem relatively unaffected.

- File sharing does have a positive effect in disseminating copyrighted material to a wider potential audience.
- Distinguishes between the effects of file sharing on well-known incumbents versus relatively unknown artists in the music industry. Incumbents are negatively affected by file sharing while new comers benefit from the dissemination of their music through file sharing and thus their overall income is unaffected if not slightly higher due to file sharing.
- Overall, acording to some papers regarding the costs and benefits of file sharing, there does seem to be a higher overall welfare benefit for consumers then there is a welfare/income loss to creators/producers. 

Policy Implications as Stated By Author

- File sharing and technological improvements in general have varied effects depending on the type of copyright industry, suggesting that the laws should vary by industry also. - Need for comprehensive and balanced anslysis along with precice empirical estimates of various costs and benefits, which highlights the need for independent research.

Coverage of Study

Coverage of Fundamental Issues
Issue Included within Study
Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare
Green-tick.png
Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)?
Green-tick.png
Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors)
Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption)
Green-tick.png
Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)
Coverage of Evidence Based Policies
Issue Included within Study
Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right)
Green-tick.png
Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction)
Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing)
Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability)
Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts)
Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)
Green-tick.png

Datasets