Difference between revisions of "Hansen, Hashimoto, Hinze, Samuelson and Urban (2013)"
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|Method of Collection=Quantitative Collection Methods, Longitudinal Study, Qualitative Collection Methods, Case Study, Archival Research | |Method of Collection=Quantitative Collection Methods, Longitudinal Study, Qualitative Collection Methods, Case Study, Archival Research | ||
|Method of Analysis=Qualitative Analysis Methods, Textual Content Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Ethnographic/narrative analysis, Legal Analysis | |Method of Analysis=Qualitative Analysis Methods, Textual Content Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Ethnographic/narrative analysis, Legal Analysis | ||
− | |Industry=Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing; Film and motion pictures; Creative, arts and entertainment; Cultural education; Photographic activities; | + | |Industry=Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities;Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing; Film and motion pictures; Creative, arts and entertainment; Cultural education; Photographic activities; |
|Country=United States; | |Country=United States; | ||
|Cross-country=No | |Cross-country=No |
Latest revision as of 05:30, 3 November 2022
Contents
Source Details
Hansen, Hashimoto, Hinze, Samuelson and Urban (2013) | |
Title: | Solving the Orphan Works Problem for the United States |
Author(s): | Hansen, D., Hashimoto, K., Hinze, G., Samuelson, P., Urban, J. M. |
Year: | 2013 |
Citation: | Hansen, D. R., Hashimoto, K., Hinze, G., Samuelson, P., & Urban, J. M. (2013). Solving the orphan works problem for the united states. Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, 37(1). |
Link(s): | Definitive , Open Access |
Key Related Studies: | |
Discipline: | |
Linked by: |
About the Data | |
Data Description: | The study uses various sources of data for support, including empirical evidence collected by the U.S. Copyright Office, the Berkeley Digital Library Copyright Project, the UK Intellectual Property Office’s Final Impact Assessment on Orphan Works, the Report on Orphan Works Challenges for Libraries, Archives and Other Memory Institutions, and the Hargreaves Review. |
Data Type: | Secondary data |
Secondary Data Sources: | |
Data Collection Methods: | |
Data Analysis Methods: | |
Industry(ies): | |
Country(ies): | |
Cross Country Study?: | No |
Comparative Study?: | No |
Literature review?: | No |
Government or policy study?: | No |
Time Period(s) of Collection: |
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Funder(s): |
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Abstract
Over the last decade, the problem of orphan works — i.e., copyrighted works whose owners cannot be located by a reasonably diligent search — has come sharply into focus as libraries, archives, and other large repositories of copyrighted works have sought to digitize and make available their collections online. Although this problem is certainly not limited to digital libraries, it has proven especially challenging for these organizations because they hold diverse collections that include millions of books, articles, letters, photographs, home movies, films, and other types of works. Many items come with a complex, unknown, and (often) unknowable history of copyright ownership. Because U.S. copyright law provides for both strong injunctive relief and monetary damages (in the form of statutory damages of up to $150,000 per work infringed), organizations that cannot obtain permission often do not make their collections available at all.
In October 2012, the U.S. Copyright Office initiated a new study of orphan works and mass digitization, and has indicated that it is a high-priority policy issue for the office. That study, and the work that preceded it, has highlighted the wide array of perspectives about why and how to address the orphan works problem. In this article, we present evidence that the orphan works problem is very real and that it inhibits many socially valuable uses of copyrighted works by libraries, archives, museums and other memory institutions. We then canvass the array of potential solutions, and ultimately conclude that fair use, combined with the Copyright Office’s remedy limitation approach, are better approaches for addressing this problem in the United States than alternatives proposed elsewhere. Finally, we explore future-looking changes, such as the reintroduction of copyright formalities and the development of registries, that would reduce the number of orphan works in the future.
Main Results of the Study
- Across the spectrum of works held, the numbers of suspected orphans is reported to be large:** of 548,000 artworks – 20 to 25% are orphaned** of 750,000 sound recording (hrs) – 5 to 10% are orphaned** of 21,800,000 commercial film (hrs) – 0 to 7% are orphaned** of 513,000 archive film (hrs) – 5 to 35% are orphaned** of more than 100,000,000 photo libraries – approximately 0% are orphaned** of 28,280,000 archive photos – 5 to 90% are orphaned** of 10,400,000 written material – 4 to 30% are orphaned** of 38,000,000 mixed collections – 8 to 40% are orphaned* There is clear evidence that the orphan works problem stifles libraries and archives’ efforts to effectively use their collections and prevents those organizations from fulfilling their mission of making collections available for research and scholarship.
Policy Implications as Stated By Author
- Fair use, combined with the limitations on remedies approach, as proposed by the U.S. Copyright Office, and future looking changes that would reduce the number of orphan works going forward, would provide the U.S. with a workable and cohesive approach to the orphan works problem.
Coverage of Study
Datasets
Sample size: | 1 |
Level of aggregation: | Case study |
Period of material under study: | 2013 |