Difference between revisions of "Kretschmer, Klimis, and Choi (1999)"

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|Discipline=Z1: Cultural Economics • Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology, Z11: Economics of the Arts and Literature, Z13: Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology • Social and Economic Stratification
 
|Discipline=Z1: Cultural Economics • Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology, Z11: Economics of the Arts and Literature, Z13: Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology • Social and Economic Stratification
 
|Data Year=Data includes an assessment of creative industries in comparison with market trends and competition. Several examples are presented to support economic theory and proposition.
 
|Data Year=Data includes an assessment of creative industries in comparison with market trends and competition. Several examples are presented to support economic theory and proposition.
|Data Type=Primary and Secondary data
 
 
|Method of Collection=Qualitative Collection Methods, Ethnography
 
|Method of Collection=Qualitative Collection Methods, Ethnography
 
|Method of Analysis=Qualitative Analysis Methods, Discourse Analysis, Grounded Theory
 
|Method of Analysis=Qualitative Analysis Methods, Discourse Analysis, Grounded Theory
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|Cross-country=No
 
|Cross-country=No
 
|Comparative=No
 
|Comparative=No
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|Government or policy=Yes
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|Literature review=No
 
|Funded By=Economic and Social Research Council;
 
|Funded By=Economic and Social Research Council;
 
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|Dataset=
 
|Dataset=
 
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Revision as of 11:47, 27 August 2015

Advertising Architectural Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing Programming and broadcasting Computer programming Computer consultancy Creative, arts and entertainment Cultural education Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities

Film and motion pictures Sound recording and music publishing Photographic activities PR and communication Software publishing Video game publishing Specialised design Television programmes Translation and interpretation

1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)? 3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors) 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)

A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right) B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction) C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing) D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts) F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Source Details

Kretschmer, Klimis and Choi (1999)
Title: Increasing Returns and Social Contagion in Cultural Industries
Author(s): Kretschmer, M., Klimis, G. M., Choi, C. J.
Year: 1999
Citation: Kretschmer, M., Klimis, G. M., & Choi, C. J. (1999). Increasing returns and social contagion in cultural industries. British Journal of Management, 10(s1), 61-72.
Link(s): Definitive
Key Related Studies:
Discipline:
Linked by:
About the Data
Data Description:
Data Type:
Secondary Data Sources:
Data Collection Methods:
Data Analysis Methods:
Industry(ies):
Country(ies):
Cross Country Study?: No
Comparative Study?: No
Literature review?: No
Government or policy study?: Yes
Time Period(s) of Collection:
  • Data includes an assessment of creative industries in comparison with market trends and competition. Several examples are presented to support economic theory and proposition.
Funder(s):
  • Economic and Social Research Council

Abstract

A formal definition of cultural industries is developed following four distinct features of cultural goods: (a) oversupply, (b) quality uncertainty, (c) network effects and (d) demand reversal. Drawing on economic and socio-psychological notions of ‘network’, increasing returns and social contagion effects are distinguished. Increasing returns may govern the adoption of standards when choices are binary, social contagion explains the diffusion of cultural goods when choices are multiple. Together, the four structural features delineating cultural industries account for curious competitive dynamics prevalent in cultural markets, such as the notorious 10 : 90 proportionality (under which 10% of cultural goods account for 90% of the market), causal ambiguity about the reasons for success, and the formation of fashions. Six managerial recommendations are advanced, focusing on a criticial circulation point triggering self-sustaining diffusion patterns. Finally ‘project-based enterprises’ and ‘network forms of governance’ are identified as the organizational forms most suited to the dynamics of the cultural markets.

Main Results of the Study

  • In order to benefit from social contagion and increasing returns, goods in cultural industries have to reach a critical mass of circulation.
  • The managerial recommendations researchers derived from the structural features of the cultural industries are consistent with organizational forms favoring rapid responses in a climate of competition.
  • Analysis suggests that ‘critical mass management’ relies heavily on the integration of social structure in at least two ways (1) cultural industries draw from a pool of professionals that is not organized as a market; and (2) cultural industries are organized around ‘boundary spanning’ contacts who have the ability to cross social networks.
  • Analysis suggests that cultural exchange conditions favor a particular form of network governance.


Policy Implications as Stated By Author

Coverage of Study

Coverage of Fundamental Issues
Issue Included within Study
Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare
Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)?
Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors)
Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption)
Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)
Green-tick.png
Coverage of Evidence Based Policies
Issue Included within Study
Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right)
Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction)
Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing)
Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability)
Green-tick.png
Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts)
Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Datasets