Difference between revisions of "Ma, Montgomery, Singh and Smith (2011)"

From Copyright EVIDENCE
 
 
(3 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
{{MainSource
 
{{MainSource
|Dataset={{Dataset
 
|Sample Size=194
 
|Level of Aggregation=Film,
 
|Data Material Year=2006-2009
 
}}
 
 
|Source={{Source
 
|Source={{Source
 
|Name of Study=Ma, Montgomery, Singh and Smith (2011)
 
|Name of Study=Ma, Montgomery, Singh and Smith (2011)
|Author=Ma, L.;Montgomery, A.;Singh, P.;Smith, M.
+
|Author=Ma, L.;Montgomery, A.;Singh, P.;Smith, M. D.;
 
|Title=The Effect of Pre-Release Movie Piracy on Box-Office Revenue
 
|Title=The Effect of Pre-Release Movie Piracy on Box-Office Revenue
 
|Year=2011
 
|Year=2011
Line 21: Line 16:
 
Our study contributes to the growing literature on piracy and digital media consumption in the Information Systems community by presenting evidence of the impact of Internet-based movie piracy, by taking a pre-release perspective to strengthen causal inference, and by differentiating the effect of pre-release movie piracy from the other types of piracy that the extant literature has previously considered.
 
Our study contributes to the growing literature on piracy and digital media consumption in the Information Systems community by presenting evidence of the impact of Internet-based movie piracy, by taking a pre-release perspective to strengthen causal inference, and by differentiating the effect of pre-release movie piracy from the other types of piracy that the extant literature has previously considered.
 
|Link=http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228280129_The_Effect_of_Pre-Release_Movie_Piracy_on_Box-Office_Revenue/links/000060a80cf270e24c893abd.pdf; http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1782924
 
|Link=http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228280129_The_Effect_of_Pre-Release_Movie_Piracy_on_Box-Office_Revenue/links/000060a80cf270e24c893abd.pdf; http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1782924
|Reference=Sawhney and Eliashberg (1996); Eliashberg, Elberse and Leenders (2006);
+
|Reference=Sawhney and Eliashberg (1996);Eliashberg, Elberse and Leenders (2006);
 
|Plain Text Proposition=This study finds that prerelease pirating reduces box office income by 15%, and higher quality audio and video in a pirated film have less of an impact on box office income than lower quality counterparts.  This behaviour may act as a substitute for moviegoing or, through word of mouth, may increase sales over time; there is a possibility for prerelease pirating to act as promotion; however, it has the potential to come at the cost of cannabilisation of box office sales if the quality of the movie is low and word-of-mouth is not strong.
 
|Plain Text Proposition=This study finds that prerelease pirating reduces box office income by 15%, and higher quality audio and video in a pirated film have less of an impact on box office income than lower quality counterparts.  This behaviour may act as a substitute for moviegoing or, through word of mouth, may increase sales over time; there is a possibility for prerelease pirating to act as promotion; however, it has the potential to come at the cost of cannabilisation of box office sales if the quality of the movie is low and word-of-mouth is not strong.
|FundamentalIssue=5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media),
+
|FundamentalIssue=5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)
|EvidenceBasedPolicy=F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness),
+
|EvidenceBasedPolicy=F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)
 
|Discipline=D12: Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, K42: Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law, O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
 
|Discipline=D12: Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, K42: Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law, O34: Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
 
|Intervention-Response=This empirical information on the impact of prerelease pirating on box office sales impact can be used to justify policy and legal changes, for which creative industries previously had little evidence.
 
|Intervention-Response=This empirical information on the impact of prerelease pirating on box office sales impact can be used to justify policy and legal changes, for which creative industries previously had little evidence.
Line 30: Line 25:
 
|Data Year=2006-2009
 
|Data Year=2006-2009
 
|Data Type=Secondary data
 
|Data Type=Secondary data
|Data Source=IMDB.com; vcdquality.com; BoxOfficeMojo.com; Yahoo movies;
+
|Data Source=vcdquality.com;Yahoo movies;Boxofficemojo.com;IMDb
 
|Method of Collection=Web analytic (online user trace data), Quantitative data/text mining, Qualitative content/text mining
 
|Method of Collection=Web analytic (online user trace data), Quantitative data/text mining, Qualitative content/text mining
 
|Method of Analysis=Descriptive statistics (counting; means reporting; cross-tabulation), Quantitative content analysis (e.g. text or data mining), Structural Equation Modeling
 
|Method of Analysis=Descriptive statistics (counting; means reporting; cross-tabulation), Quantitative content analysis (e.g. text or data mining), Structural Equation Modeling
Line 37: Line 32:
 
|Cross-country=No
 
|Cross-country=No
 
|Comparative=No
 
|Comparative=No
 +
|Government or policy=No
 +
|Literature review=No
 +
}}
 +
|Dataset={{Dataset
 +
|Sample Size=194
 +
|Level of Aggregation=Film
 +
|Data Material Year=2006-2009
 
}}
 
}}
 
}}
 
}}

Latest revision as of 13:58, 30 March 2021

Advertising Architectural Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing Programming and broadcasting Computer programming Computer consultancy Creative, arts and entertainment Cultural education Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities

Film and motion pictures Sound recording and music publishing Photographic activities PR and communication Software publishing Video game publishing Specialised design Television programmes Translation and interpretation

1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)? 3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors) 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)

A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right) B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction) C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing) D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts) F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Source Details

Ma, Montgomery, Singh and Smith (2011)
Title: The Effect of Pre-Release Movie Piracy on Box-Office Revenue
Author(s): Ma, L., Montgomery, A., Singh, P., Smith, M. D.
Year: 2011
Citation: Ma, L., Montgomery, A., Singh, P. V., & Smith, M. D. (2011). The Effect of Pre-Release Movie Piracy on Box-Office Revenue. SSRN eLibrary.
Link(s): Open Access,Open Access
Key Related Studies:
Discipline:
Linked by:
About the Data
Data Description: The data on 475 movies was culled from four sources: IMDB.com (for tracking all releases from 2006-2009), BoxOfficeMojo.com, Yahoo movies (both for box office sales and other logistical film information, such as MPAA rating and critic ranking), and vcdquality.com (for monitoring when pirated films became available). After controlling, 194 movies remained in the sample, and 21 had prerelease piracy.
Data Type: Secondary data
Secondary Data Sources:
Data Collection Methods:
Data Analysis Methods:
Industry(ies):
Country(ies):
Cross Country Study?: No
Comparative Study?: No
Literature review?: No
Government or policy study?: No
Time Period(s) of Collection:
  • 2006-2009
Funder(s):

Abstract

The availability of digital distribution channels raises many new challenges for managers in the media industries. This is particularly true for movie studios where content can be stolen and released through illegitimate digital distribution channels before, or shortly after, the legitimate release date. In response to this potential threat, movie studios have spent millions of dollars attempting to protect their content from unauthorized release, to prosecute those who might distribute or consume pirated content, and to lobby governments to strengthen anti-piracy laws. However, surprisingly, there has been very little rigorous research to analyze whether, and how much, movie piracy cannibalizes legitimate sales. In this paper, we analyze this question in the context of pre-release movie piracy. Using data collected from a unique Internet file-sharing site, we find that pre-release piracy significantly reduces a movie’s market potential, although movies with pre-release piracy exhibit a slower sales decline over time. We estimate that the net effect of pre-release piracy is approximately a 15% reduction in box office sales. Our study contributes to the growing literature on piracy and digital media consumption in the Information Systems community by presenting evidence of the impact of Internet-based movie piracy, by taking a pre-release perspective to strengthen causal inference, and by differentiating the effect of pre-release movie piracy from the other types of piracy that the extant literature has previously considered.

Main Results of the Study

This study finds that prerelease pirating reduces box office income by 15%, and higher quality audio and video in a pirated film have less of an impact on box office income than lower quality counterparts. This behaviour may act as a substitute for moviegoing or, through word of mouth, may increase sales over time; there is a possibility for prerelease pirating to act as promotion; however, it has the potential to come at the cost of cannabilisation of box office sales if the quality of the movie is low and word-of-mouth is not strong.

Policy Implications as Stated By Author

This empirical information on the impact of prerelease pirating on box office sales impact can be used to justify policy and legal changes, for which creative industries previously had little evidence.



Coverage of Study

Coverage of Fundamental Issues
Issue Included within Study
Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare
Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)?
Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors)
Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption)
Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)
Green-tick.png
Coverage of Evidence Based Policies
Issue Included within Study
Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right)
Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction)
Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing)
Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability)
Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts)
Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)
Green-tick.png

Datasets

Sample size: 194
Level of aggregation: Film
Period of material under study: 2006-2009