Stobo, Deazley and Anderson (2013)

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1. Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare 2. Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)? 3. Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors) 4. Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption) 5. Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)

A. Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right) B. Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction) C. Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing) D. Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability) E. Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts) F. Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Source Details

Stobo, Deazley and Anderson (2013)
Title: Copyright and Risk: Scoping the Wellcome Digital Library Project
Author(s): Stobo, V., Deazley, R., Anderson, I.
Year: 2013
Citation: Stobo, V., Deazley, R. and Anderson, I., 2013. Copyright & Risk: Scoping the Wellcome Digital Library Project (Vol. 10, pp. 17-23). CREATe Working Paper.
Link(s): Definitive , Open Access
Key Related Studies:
Discipline:
Linked by: Cave, Deegan and Heinink (2000), Dryden (2008), Hudson and Kenyon (2007), Korn (2009), Stobo, Deazley and Anderson (2013)
About the Data
Data Description: This report is a case study of the pilot digitisation project 'Codebreakers: Makers of Modern Genetics' run by the Wellcome Library. Data was gathered using semi-structured interviews with key staff working on the project. TK GLAM
Data Type: Primary data
Secondary Data Sources:
Data Collection Methods:
Data Analysis Methods:
Industry(ies):
Country(ies):
Cross Country Study?: No
Comparative Study?: No
Literature review?: No
Government or policy study?: No
Time Period(s) of Collection:
  • 2010-2013
Funder(s):
  • RCUK Funded Centre for Copyright and New Business Models in the Creative Economy (CREATe)

Abstract

Copyright & Risk: Scoping the Wellcome Digital Library is a retrospective case study which aimed to assess the merits of the risk-managed approach to copyright clearance adopted by the Wellcome Library (WL) in the course of their pilot digitisation project Codebreakers: Makers of Modern Genetics.

The case study is based on semi-structured interviews, which were conducted with members of project staff at the Wellcome Library, and at their partner archive institutions. Project documentation was also made available, and this material takes two forms: policy documents which were circulated and updated as the project took place; and an internal report produced towards the end of the project, which includes a variety of statistics and more general lessons learned.

The report finds that while the initial risk management strategy adopted by the Wellcome has been successful, there is still very little evidence available about the success of rights clearance and risk management in the UK archive sector, and that further empirical investigation is required.

Main Results of the Study

Based on the results of the rights clearance exercise, and the material now available on the Wellcome Library website, Codebreakers has been a significant success for both the Wellcome Library and the 3rd party archives involved. In addition to this success, elements of the Wellcome Library approach to rights clearance could have wider applicability across the UK archive sector.The Wellcome Library’s risk management strategy had two broad aims: to manage the risks associated with publishing in-copyright material online and publishing potentially sensitive material online. They managed these risks in three ways.First: the publication of in-copyright material online was made possible using a risk management strategy which involves a set of risk criteria for identifying medium and high-risk rightsholders in the collections, and a diligent search standard for locating and contacting rightsholders.Second: they managed the publication of potentially sensitive material online using their Access to Archives policy, which provides guidance that can be followed for all physical, digitised and born-digital material held across the Wellcome Library, to take into account both searchroomand online access to sensitive, personal data.Third: in addition to this, they have an established takedown policy which predates Codebreakers, and applies to all material available on their website. The most significant indicators of success for the archives clearance process include the number of permissions to publish granted: of the 77% of rightsholders contacted who responded, 98% said yes. The rate of response to permission requests itself was also relatively healthy compared to other projects: the Jon Cohen AIDS collection rights clearance project found that 68% of rightsholders contacted for permission to publish responded,127 compared to 77% in Codebreakers.

Policy Implications as Stated By Author

Based on the results of the rights clearance exercise, and the material now available on the Wellcome Library website, Codebreakers has been a significant success for both the Wellcome Library and the 3rd party archives involved. In addition to this success, elements of the Wellcome Library approach to rights clearance could have wider applicability across the UK archive sector.


Coverage of Study

Coverage of Fundamental Issues
Issue Included within Study
Relationship between protection (subject matter/term/scope) and supply/economic development/growth/welfare
Green-tick.png
Relationship between creative process and protection - what motivates creators (e.g. attribution; control; remuneration; time allocation)?
Harmony of interest assumption between authors and publishers (creators and producers/investors)
Effects of protection on industry structure (e.g. oligopolies; competition; economics of superstars; business models; technology adoption)
Understanding consumption/use (e.g. determinants of unlawful behaviour; user-generated content; social media)
Coverage of Evidence Based Policies
Issue Included within Study
Nature and Scope of exclusive rights (hyperlinking/browsing; reproduction right)
Exceptions (distinguish innovation and public policy purposes; open-ended/closed list; commercial/non-commercial distinction)
Green-tick.png
Mass digitisation/orphan works (non-use; extended collective licensing)
Green-tick.png
Licensing and Business models (collecting societies; meta data; exchanges/hubs; windowing; crossborder availability)
Fair remuneration (levies; copyright contracts)
Enforcement (quantifying infringement; criminal sanctions; intermediary liability; graduated response; litigation and court data; commercial/non-commercial distinction; education and awareness)

Datasets

Sample size: 1
Level of aggregation: Case Study
Period of material under study: 2010-2013