Secker, Gadd and Morrison (2019)
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Source Details
Secker, Gadd and Morrison (2019) | |
Title: | Understanding the value of the CLA Licence to UK higher education |
Author(s): | Jane Secker, Elizabeth Gadd, Chris Morrison |
Year: | 2019 |
Citation: | Secker, J., Gadd, E., & Morrison, C. (2019) Understanding the value of the CLA Licence to UK higher education. Available: https://ukcopyrightliteracy.files.wordpress.com/2019/07/cnac-research-project-report-final-with-logos-1.pdf (last accessed: 8 August 2019) |
Link(s): | Open Access |
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About the Data | |
Data Description: | The study uses mixed methods over four research themes:
• Theme 1 examines the use of the CLA licence and activities of higher education institution licensees. This is predominantly examined through legal analysis and interview data on the interpretation of s32 of the CDPA. • Theme 2 examines the volume and nature of photocopying, scanning and digital copies. To this end the study examines un-anonymised CLA datasets which report on licensees use of works. • Theme 3 examines the availability of digital content under the CLA licence using mixed methods, including analysis of the CLA datasets in Theme 2, comparisons with bibliographic data, and institutional case studies. • Theme 4 consists of an international comparison of the UK position, examining reports by WIPO, Communia, IFLA, journal articles, legislation etc. |
Data Type: | Primary and Secondary data |
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Cross Country Study?: | No |
Comparative Study?: | Yes |
Literature review?: | No |
Government or policy study?: | No |
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Abstract
“This report presents findings of research conducted in late 2018 to understand the value of the Copyright Licensing Agency (CLA)’s HE Licence. This Licence permits higher education institutions to copy material (both from print and digital originals) for use in teaching and learning, and the research was undertaken to inform future negotiations between the CLA and the Universities UK Copyright Negotiation and Advisory Committee (CNAC). The research also sought to explore the value of secondary copying more broadly, at a time when higher education institutions are increasingly preferring to purchase primary digital resources.The term ‘value’ is used in the broadest sense to mean the benefits this licence provides to the higher education sector as well as the ‘value for money’ it offers.”
Main Results of the Study
Despite the introduction of the new s32 CDPA exception for illustration for instruction, existing CLA licences are still perceived as necessary for higher education institutions. However, its use is inconsistent, with only a small number of institutions making intensive use of digital copying provisions. 32% of all scanning under the licence is carried out by only 10 institutions (primarily large and well-funded research universities); this suggests that the majority of higher education institutions do not benefit from the licence.
The study also finds that the purpose of use of the CLA licence is changing as scanning declines overall. Instead, higher education institutions are more likely to use the licence to give students access to books in digital formats where e-book licences are either too restrictive or unaffordable.
The rise of open access models for journals results in the CLA licence having limited application here - 38% of journal content scanned under the licence is available open access. The study suggests that higher education institutions are avoiding open access options due to difficulties in identifying legitimate open access content and reuse terms.
Finally, the value of secondary licensing schemes is country-specific, with countries that have broader copyright exceptions valuing schemes such as the CLA licence less.
Policy Implications as Stated By Author
The study contains a number of recommendations for institutions/library directors, SCONUL/RLUK and Jisc, CNAC, and CLA. These include the introduction of ongoing monitoring on the frequency of use of the CLA licence, data collection, and exploration of open access models.